The Zwicky Transient Facility: Data Processing, Products, and Archive

被引：926

作者：

Masci, Frank J. ^{[1
]}

Laher, Russ R. ^{[1
]}

Rusholme, Ben ^{[1
]}

Shupe, David L. ^{[1
]}

Groom, Steven ^{[1
]}

Surace, Jason ^{[1
]}

Jackson, Edward ^{[1
]}

Monkewitz, Serge ^{[1
]}

Beck, Ron ^{[1
]}

Flynn, David ^{[1
]}

Terek, Scott ^{[1
]}

Landry, Walter ^{[1
]}

Hacopians, Eugean ^{[1
]}

Desai, Vandana ^{[1
]}

Howell, Justin ^{[1
]}

Brooke, Tim ^{[1
]}

Imel, David ^{[1
]}

Wachter, Stefanie ^{[2
]}

Ye, Quan-Zhi ^{[1
,3
]}

Lin, Hsing-Wen ^{[4
,5
]}

Cenko, S. Bradley ^{[6
]}

Cunningham, Virginia ^{[7
]}

Rebbapragada, Umaa ^{[8
]}

Bue, Brian ^{[8
]}

Miller, Adam A. ^{[9
,10
,11
]}

Mahabal, Ashish ^{[3
]}

Bellm, Eric C. ^{[12
]}

Patterson, Maria T. ^{[12
]}

Juric, Mario ^{[12
]}

Golkhou, V. Zach ^{[12
,13
]}

Ofek, Eran O. ^{[14
]}

Walters, Richard ^{[15
]}

Graham, Matthew ^{[3
]}

Kasliwal, Mansi M. ^{[3
]}

Dekany, Richard G. ^{[15
]}

Kupfer, Thomas ^{[3
,16
]}

Burdge, Kevin ^{[3
]}

Cannella, Christopher B. ^{[3
]}

Barlow, Tom ^{[3
]}

Van Sistine, Angela ^{[17
]}

Giomi, Matteo ^{[18
]}

Fremling, Christoffer ^{[3
]}

Blagorodnova, Nadejda ^{[3
]}

Levitan, David ^{[3
]}

Riddle, Reed ^{[15
]}

Smith, Roger M. ^{[15
]}

Helou, George ^{[1
]}

Prince, Thomas A. ^{[3
]}

Kulkarni, Shrinivas R. ^{[3
]}

机构：

[1] CALTECH, IPAC, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[2] Carnegie Observ, 813 Santa Barbara St, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA

[3] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[4] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA

[5] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Astron, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan

[6] NASA, Astrophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, MC 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[7] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, Stadium Dr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[8] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA

[9] Northwestern Univ, Ctr Interdisciplinary Explorat & Res Astrophys, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA

[10] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA

[11] Adler Planetarium, Chicago, IL 60605 USA

[12] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, DIRAC Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[13] Univ Washington, eSci Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[14] Weizmann Inst Sci, Benoziyo Ctr Astrophys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel

[15] CALTECH, Opt Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[16] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, KITP, Kohn Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA

[17] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA

[18] DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany

来源：

PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC | 2019年 / 131卷 / 995期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

astronomical databases: miscellaneous; catalogs; methods: data analysis; techniques: image processing; techniques: photometric; PHOTOMETRY;

D O I：

10.1088/1538-3873/aae8ac

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

The Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) is a new robotic time-domain survey currently in progress using the Palomar 48-inch Schmidt Telescope. ZTF uses a 47 square degree field with a 600 megapixel camera to scan the entire northern visible sky at rates of similar to 3760 square degrees/hour to median depths of g similar to 20.8 and r similar to 20.6 mag (AB, 5 sigma in 30 sec). We describe the Science Data System that is housed at IPAC, Caltech. This comprises the data-processing pipelines, alert production system, data archive, and user interfaces for accessing and analyzing the products. The real-time pipeline employs a novel image-differencing algorithm, optimized for the detection of point-source transient events. These events are vetted for reliability using a machine-learned classifier and combined with contextual information to generate data-rich alert packets. The packets become available for distribution typically within 13 minutes (95th percentile) of observation. Detected events are also linked to generate candidate moving-object tracks using a novel algorithm. Objects that move fast enough to streak in the individual exposures are also extracted and vetted. We present some preliminary results of the calibration performance delivered by the real-time pipeline. The reconstructed astrometric accuracy per science image with respect to Gaia DR1 is typically 45 to 85 milliarcsec. This is the RMS per-axis on the sky for sources extracted with photometric S/N >= 10 and hence corresponds to the typical astrometric uncertainty down to this limit. The derived photometric precision (repeatability) at bright unsaturated fluxes varies between 8 and 25 millimag. The high end of these ranges corresponds to an airmass approaching similar to 2-the limit of the public survey. Photometric calibration accuracy with respect to Pan-STARRS1 is generally better than 2%. The products support a broad range of scientific applications: fast and young supernovae; rare flux transients; variable stars; eclipsing binaries; variability from active galactic nuclei;counterparts to gravitational wave sources; a more complete census of Type Ia supernovae; and solar-system objects.

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