Self-efficacy measurement instrument for neonatal resuscitation training: An integrative review

Neonatal resuscitation is recognized by the World Health Organization as one of the priority interventions to reduce neonatal mortality rate. Measuring self-efficacy regarding neonatal resuscitation is one important criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of related training programs. This integrative review aims to critique evidence from high and low-to-middle-income countries. Additionally, guides appraisals of the instruments that measure self-efficacy in resuscitation training programs and adapt for low-to-middle-income countries. The databases searched for studies from 1980 to 2017 include: PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PyschINFO, and ERIC. and revealed 212 publications. Data extracted from eight instruments included theoretical framework, study location, instrument description and scoring, reliability and validity, and self-efficacy measurement outcomes. Six of eight self-efficacy instruments reported utilizing Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory while two of the eight instruments implied the use of self-efficacy. Most of the instruments reported acceptable internal consistency as Cronbach's alpha values ranged from 0.74 to 0.98 for reliability. Five of eight instruments were used in low-tomiddle-income countries. A valid and reliable self-efficacy instrument is a necessary antecedent to evaluating the effectiveness of a neonatal resuscitation training program. Future studies may consider self-efficacy instruments with Visual Analog Scales in low-to-middle-income countries due to the ease of implementing the simple visual instrument.