Policy innovation and emergence of innovative health technology: The system dynamics modelling of early COVID-19 handling in Indonesia

This article examines policy innovation, emergence of innovative health technology and its implication for a health system. The complexity of policy innovation implementation resulting from mixing public health resolution and economic interest will trigger the emergence of innovative health technology, which implies a health system improvement. The findings revealed that: First, policy innovation based on a science-mix category created the complexity of policy enforcement, affected the scale and speed of COVID-19 transmissions, and triggered the emergence of health innovative technology. Second, despite policy innovation in early COVID-19, handling was relatively less successful due to restricting factors in policy implementation but provided a new market for the emergence of innovative health technology. Third, the emergence of innovative health technology has strengthened health system preparedness during the pandemic, and provide an opportunity to re-examine the strengths and deficiencies of an entire health system for better health care.