Electrochemical techniques for the repair of reinforced concrete suffering carbonation-induced corrosion

The use of electrochemical techniques in the repair of reinforced concrete suffering carbonation-induced corrosion is increasing thanks to advantages connected with the possibility of preserving carbonated concrete and minimising the alteration of the surface, which make these techniques attractive for facades or monuments that have a high cultural, historical or architectural value. Electrochemical techniques allow repassivation of the steel through the application of a temporary or permanent cathodic current. These techniques have been used for several decades, although some aspects connected with their application have not been clarified yet. This paper presents a state-of-the-art on the techniques of electrochemical realkalisation and cathodic protection used in carbonated concrete, and describes the recent developments in this field, with particular reference to experimental investigations and on-site applications carried out in Italy in recent years.