Ground Reaction Force and Cadence during Stationary Running Sprint in Water and on Land

This study was aimed at analyzing the cadence (Cad(max)) and the peak vertical ground reaction force (Fy(max)) during stationary running sprint on dry land and at hip and chest level of water immersion. We hypothesized that both Fy(max) and Cad(max) depend on the level of immersion and that differences in Cad(max) between immersions do not affect Fy(max) during stationary sprint. 32 subjects performed the exercise at maximum cadence at each immersion level and data were collected with force plates. The results show that Cadmax and Fy(max) decrease 17 and 58% from dry land to chest immersion respectively, with no effect of cadence on Fy(max). While previous studies have shown similar neuromuscular responses between aquatic and on land stationary sprint, our results emphasize the differences in Fy(max) between environments and levels of immersion. Additionally, the characteristics of this exercise permit maximum movement speed in water to be close to the maximum speed on dry land. The valuable combination of reduced risk of orthopedic trauma with similar neuromuscular responses is provided by the stationary sprint exercise in water. The results of this study support the rationale behind the prescription of stationary sprinting in sports training sessions as well as rehabilitation programs.