Vertically integrated As2S3 waveguides on lithium niobate waveguides

A planar waveguide design is presented that integrates As2S3 chalcogenide glass with Ti-diffused lithium-niobate (LN) waveguides to increase functionality. As2S3 is a higher index material that is introduced to create small bend radii structures that are crucial for making high density optical circuits. As2S3 waveguide patterns are aligned on top of the straight LN waveguide. Power launched into LN is coupled to the higher index As2S3 cladding structure and propagates through a tight bend before coupling back to the LN waveguide. Experimental results are given for s-bends of 2.48cm minimum radius of curvature.