Genetic analysis of some Egyptian rice genotypes using RAPD, SSR and AFLP

Information of genetic similarities and diversity among superior Egyptian rice genotypes is necessary for future rice breeding programs and derivation of plant lines. Genetic variability and relationships among seven Egyptian rice genotypes namely Giza 178, Giza177, Giza 175, Giza171 Giza 172, Sakha 102, and Sakha 101 were established by using eight RAPD primers, six SSR primer pairs, eight AFLP primer combinations. The level of polymorphism as revealed by RAPD, SSR and AFLP was 72.2, 90, and 67.9%, respectively. The highest genetic relationship as revealed by combined RAPD, SSR, and AFLP was detected between Giza 175 and Giza177 (83.4%), while the lowest similarity was found between Giza 178 and Sakha 101 (61.5%). Dendrograms derived from different techniques include minor differences in clustering pattern but did not affect the main grouping of the different genotypes. Moreover RAPD, SSR and AFLP-based dendrograms clustered the two genotypes Giza171 and Giza 172 together and the two genotypes Giza 175 and Giza 177 in the same cluster. RAPD, SSR, and AFLP techniques characterized the seven rice varieties by a large number of unique markers, which revealed 17, 4, and 65 unique markers, respectively. It could be concluded that each type of the three molecular approaches of DNA analysis could identify the different rice genotypes, and some of the Egyptian rice genotypes under investigation have probably originated from closely related ancestors and possess high degree of genetic similarity.