Enhancement of biological nitrogen removal performance using novel carriers based on the recycling of waste materials

This study aims to enhance biological nitrogen removal performance by the innovative carbon-based carriers. The new carriers were produced based on recycling waste materials. In these carriers, the advantages of the hybrid system and physicochemical properties of activated carbon were integrated to promote microbial attachment. To verify the performance of the new carriers compared to the conventional moving carriers, the experiments were conducted in two parallel laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors under various operating conditions. The analysis revealed that the specific surface area of the new carrier with a total pore volume of 0.0015cm(3)/gr was 10.9 times the specific surface area of a conventional carrier. Further, the comparative results indicated that the new highly porous carriers made a major contribution to increasing the attached active biomass up to 20.2%. From the data analysis (DO, ORP, and pH), it was also confirmed that the new carriers had a positive effect on the creation of a greater anoxic zone within the biofilm. Consequently, the simultaneous nitrification-denitrification and total nitrogen removal efficiencies enhanced significantly up to 14.3% and 16.8%, respectively. From the environmental and economic viewpoints, the benefits of the novel carrier showed that it is a practical alternative for the conventional carrier providing a cost-effective wastewater treatment technology. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.