Optimal stochastic operation of residential energy hubs based on plug-in hybrid electric vehicle uncertainties using two-point estimation method

The energy hubs (EHs) have been developed as multi-carrier systems to enhance the energy efficiency, reliability, and economic profits. Also, the residential sector could be techno-economically optimized by applying the residential EH (REH) scheme. The system uncertainties are one of the most crucial problems that might adversely affect the EHs and REHs. The stochastic nature of renewable energy sources' output power as supply-side's uncertainties in REHs have received more attention than modelling and studies of demand-side ones, e.g., plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) uncertainties. Although several types of research, particularly Monte Carlo simulation-based studies, have been reported for probabilistic optimal operation of REHs, there is a research gap about proposing a fast method considering both PHEVs and renewable energy source (RES) uncertainties simultaneously. This study aims to investigate the stochastic energy management of REHs, considering intermittencies in the PHEVs and the RESs using the two-point estimation method (2PEM). In this paper, the uncertainties in the PHEVs, i.e., arrival time, driving distance, and departure time, are concerned. The consideration of different charging modes of PHEVs, such as vehicle-to-grid and grid-to-vehicle modes, is another contribution of this article. The comparative results are verified with the current methods, and the proposed method's efficiency is illustrated.