Fluorine distribution in soil in the vicinity of an accidental spillage of hydrofluoric acid in Korea

This study assessed the status of fluorine (F) in soil in the vicinity of a spillage of anhydrous hydrofluoric acid in Korea. Gaseous hydrogen fluoride dispersed was suspected to have contaminated the surrounding soil environment. Total and water soluble F concentrations in soil within a 1 km radius of the spillage were determined. Total F concentrations (mean = 222 +/- 70.1 mg kg(-1)) were lower than the Korean limit value (i.e., 400 mg kg(-1)) and several reported measurements of background F concentrations in soils except for a single outlying case. Soluble F concentrations ranged from 0.111 to 6.40 mg kg(-1) (mean = 2.20 +/- 1.80 mg kg(-1)). A negative correlation between the soluble F concentration of soil and distance from the spillage was observed. This indicates that the soluble F concentration has a crucial role in fractionating the F concentration arising from a 'non natural input' i.e., the spillage. The F content of rice samples seemed to be significantly influenced by the soluble F concentrations of soils. Rice samples collected from the control and affected areas contained 41 mg kg(-1) and 578 mg kg(-1) of total F, respectively. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.