Recent progress on spherical torus research

被引:41
作者
Ono, Masayuki [1 ]
Kaita, Robert [1 ]
机构
[1] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA
关键词
LOW-ASPECT-RATIO; RESISTIVE WALL MODE; ELECTRON BERNSTEIN WAVES; GAS FUELING LOCATION; HARMONIC FAST WAVES; HIGH-BETA PLASMAS; BOOTSTRAP-CURRENT; STEADY-STATE; START-UP; LONG-PULSE;
D O I
10.1063/1.4915073
中图分类号
O35 [流体力学]; O53 [等离子体物理学];
学科分类号
070204 ; 080103 ; 080704 ;
摘要
The spherical torus or spherical tokamak (ST) is a member of the tokamak family with its aspect ratio (A = R-0/a) reduced to A similar to 1.5, well below the normal tokamak operating range of A >= 2.5. As the aspect ratio is reduced, the ideal tokamak beta beta (radio of plasma to magnetic pressure) stability limit increases rapidly, approximately as beta similar to 1/A. The plasma current it can sustain for a given edge safety factor q-95 also increases rapidly. Because of the above, as well as the natural elongation kappa, which makes its plasma shape appear spherical, the ST configuration can yield exceptionally high tokamak performance in a compact geometry. Due to its compactness and high performance, the ST configuration has various near term applications, including a compact fusion neutron source with low tritium consumption, in addition to its longer term goal of an attractive fusion energy power source. Since the start of the two mega-ampere class ST facilities in 2000, the National Spherical Torus Experiment in the United States and Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak in UK, active ST research has been conducted worldwide. More than 16 ST research facilities operating during this period have achieved remarkable advances in all fusion science areas, involving fundamental fusion energy science as well as innovation. These results suggest exciting future prospects for ST research both near term and longer term. The present paper reviews the scientific progress made by the worldwide ST research community during this new mega-ampere-ST era. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
引用
收藏
页数:74
相关论文
共 377 条
[41]   THEORY OF UBIQUITOUS MODE [J].
COPPI, B ;
PEGORARO, F .
NUCLEAR FUSION, 1977, 17 (05) :969-993
[42]   Scaling of the energy confinement time with β and collisionality approaching ITER conditions [J].
Cordey, JG ;
Thomsen, K ;
Chudnovskiy, A ;
Kardaun, OJWF ;
Takizuka, T ;
Snipes, JA ;
Greenwald, M ;
Sugiyama, L ;
Ryter, F ;
Kus, A ;
Stober, J ;
DeBoo, JC ;
Petty, CC ;
Bracco, G ;
Romanelli, M ;
Cui, Z ;
Liu, Y ;
McDonald, DC ;
Meakins, A ;
Miura, Y ;
Shinohara, K ;
Tsuzuki, K ;
Kamada, Y ;
Urano, H ;
Valovic, M ;
Akers, R ;
Brickley, C ;
Sykes, A ;
Walsh, MJ ;
Kaye, SM ;
Bush, C ;
Hogewei, D ;
Martin, Y ;
Cote, A ;
Pacher, G ;
Ongena, J ;
Imbeaux, F ;
Hoang, GT ;
Lebedev, S ;
Leonov, V .
NUCLEAR FUSION, 2005, 45 (09) :1078-1084
[43]   Overview of MAST results [J].
Counsell, GF ;
Akers, RJ ;
Appel, LC ;
Applegate, D ;
Axon, KB ;
Baranov, Y ;
Brickley, C ;
Bunting, C ;
Buttery, RJ ;
Carolan, PG ;
Challis, C ;
Ciric, D ;
Conway, NJ ;
Cox, M ;
Cunningham, G ;
Darke, A ;
Dnestrovskij, A ;
Dowling, J ;
Dudson, B ;
Dunstan, MR ;
Delchambre, E ;
Field, AR ;
Foster, A ;
Gee, S ;
Gryaznevich, MP ;
Helander, P ;
Hender, TC ;
Hole, M ;
Howell, DH ;
Joiner, N ;
Keeling, D ;
Kirk, A ;
Lehane, IP ;
Lisgo, S ;
Lloyd, B ;
Lott, F ;
Maddison, GP ;
Manhood, SJ ;
Martin, R ;
McArdle, GJ ;
McClements, KG ;
Meyer, H ;
Morris, AW ;
Nelson, M ;
O'Brien, MR ;
Patel, A ;
Pinfold, T ;
Preinhaelter, J ;
Price, MN ;
Roach, CM .
NUCLEAR FUSION, 2005, 45 (10) :S157-S167
[44]   Boundary plasma and divertor phenomena in MAST [J].
Counsell, GF ;
Kirk, A ;
Ahn, JW ;
Tabasso, A ;
Yang, Y .
PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION, 2002, 44 (06) :827-843
[45]   The Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak [J].
Cox, M .
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN, 1999, 46 (2-4) :397-404
[46]   Three-wave interactions between fast-ion modes in the national spherical torus experiment [J].
Crocker, N. A. ;
Peebles, W. A. ;
Kubota, S. ;
Fredrickson, E. D. ;
Kaye, S. M. ;
LeBlanc, B. P. ;
Menard, J. E. .
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2006, 97 (04)
[47]   Convective transport by intermittent blob-filaments: Comparison of theory and experiment [J].
D'Ippolito, D. A. ;
Myra, J. R. ;
Zweben, S. J. .
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS, 2011, 18 (06)
[48]   Cross-field blob transport in tokamak scrape-off-layer plasmas [J].
D'Ippolito, DA ;
Myra, JR ;
Krasheninnikov, SI .
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS, 2002, 9 (01) :222-233
[49]   Stochastic orbit loss of neutral beam ions from NSTX due to toroidal Alfven eigenmode avalanches [J].
Darrow, D. S. ;
Crocker, N. ;
Fredrickson, E. D. ;
Gorelenkov, N. N. ;
Gorelenkova, M. ;
Kubota, S. ;
Medley, S. S. ;
Podesta, M. ;
Shi, L. ;
White, R. B. .
NUCLEAR FUSION, 2013, 53 (01)
[50]   MHD induced neutral beam ion loss from NSTX plasmas [J].
Darrow, D. S. ;
Fredrickson, E. D. ;
Gorelenkov, N. N. ;
Roquemore, A. L. ;
Shinohara, K. .
NUCLEAR FUSION, 2008, 48 (08)