Linkages and associations between the leptin receptor (LEPR) gene and human body composition in the Quebec Family Study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate linkage and association between the leptin receptor (LEPR) gene and body composition variables in the Quebec Family Study (QFS). DESIGN: Single-point linkage analysis using families, and covariance and chi-square analyses using normal weight and obese unrelated subjects from QFS. SUBJECTS: 169 nuclear families were used for linkage study. 308 unrelated subjects (146 males; 162 females) from these families were used for chi-square testing of genotype and allele distributions between subjects with body mass index (BMI) < 27 kg/m(2) (n = 167) and those with BMI greater than or equal to 27 kg/m(2) (n = 141), and for a series of covariance analyses using age, plus height for fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM), as covariates. A corrected P value (P*) for multiple tests has been calculated according to P* = 1-(1-P)(number of phenotypes). MEASUREMENTS: Variables were BMI (in kg/m(2)), sum of six skinfolds (SF6 in mm), FM (in kg), percent body fat (%FAT) and FFM (in kg). Polymerase chain react restricted fragment length polymorphisms PCR-RFLP) was used to identified a K109R substitution in exon 4, a Q223R in exon 6, a K656N in exon 14 and an automatic DNA sequencer for a CA microsatellite repeat in intron 3, and heteroduplex pattern on non-denaturing gel for a CTTT repeat in intron 16. RESULTS: Good evidence of linkage was observed for Q223R with FM (P= 0.005; P* = 0.02), and for the CTTT repeat with FFM (P= 0.007; P* = 0.03). Weaker linkages (0.02 less than or equal to P less than or equal to 0.05) were also observed between Q223R and BMI, SF6 and FFM, between the CA repeat and BMI, SF6 and FM, and between the CTTT repeat and Fn. Moreover, FFM values were found to be different among genotypes for the CTTT repeat polymorphism with heavier females, carriers of the 123* allele at the CTTT repeat, showing 4 kg less of FFM (43.6 +/- 1.0, n = 21 vs 47.7 +/- 0.8, n = 30; P = 0.005; P* = 0.02) than non-carriers. Also, at the Q223R polymorphism, in lower BMI males, carriers of the Q223 allele were 4 kg lighter in FFM (53.4+/-0.6, n=47 vs 56.6+/-0.9, n= 18; P= 0.005; P*= 0.02) than non-carriers. No significant differences were observed between lower and higher BMI subjects in genotype and allele frequency distributions for any of the polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the LEPR gene is involved in the regulation of the body composition in human particularly of FFM in the QFS.