Faecal Calprotectin and UCEIS Predict Short-term Outcomes in Acute Severe Colitis: Prospective Cohort Study

Background and Aims: Early objective markers for failure of intravenous[iv] corticosteroid for acute severe colitis [ASC] can avoid delay in rescue therapy or colectomy. We investigated faecal calprotectin [FC], C-reactive protein [CRP], and endoscopy using the ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity [UCEIS] as predictors of steroid failure following intensive therapy of ASC. Methods: Consecutive patients with ASC satisfying Truelove and Witts' criteria, hospitalised at a single centre from May 2015 to November 2016, were included; all received iv corticosteroids. The primary outcome measure was steroid failure defined as colectomy and/or rescue therapy with ciclosporin or infliximab during admission. FC levels were measured at admission and on Day 3 of intensive therapy. UCEIS was scored at admission, and CRP on Day 3 of intensive therapy. Results: Of 49 patients, 21 [43%] failed iv corticosteroids and 15 [31%] underwent surgery. FC levels were significantly higher in steroid failures (2522 [590-9654] mu g/g) compared with steroid responders (1530 [352-10 278] mu g/g) at admission [p = 0.04], as well as on Day 3 of iv corticosteroid therapy (2718 [222-9175] mu g/g vs 727 [218-4062] mu g/g, p = 0.001). Steroid failures had a higher median [range] UCEIS score than responders (6 [4-8] vs 5 [4-7] [p = 0.001]). CRP level did not differ significantly between steroid failures and responders. A UCEIS > 6 at admission and FC > 1000 mu g/g on Day 3 were independent predictors of steroid failure and need for rescue therapy/colectomy. Conclusions: All patients with UCEIS > 6 and Day 3 FC > 1000 mu g/g failed iv corticosteroids. The UCEIS score on admission and Day 3 FC are early predictors of failure of ivcorticosteroid therapy.