THE MASS OF Kepler-93b AND THE COMPOSITION OF TERRESTRIAL PLANETS

被引：185

作者：

Dressing, Courtney D. ^{[1
]}

Charbonneau, David ^{[1
]}

Dumusque, Xavier ^{[1
]}

Gettel, Sara ^{[1
]}

Pepe, Francesco ^{[2
]}

Cameron, Andrew Collier ^{[3
]}

Latham, David W. ^{[1
]}

Molinari, Emilio ^{[4
,5
]}

Udry, Stephane ^{[2
]}

Affer, Laura ^{[6
]}

Bonomo, Aldo S. ^{[7
]}

Buchhave, Lars A. ^{[1
,8
]}

Cosentino, Rosario ^{[4
]}

Figueira, Pedro ^{[9
,10
]}

Fiorenzano, Aldo F. M. ^{[4
]}

Harutyunyan, Avet ^{[4
]}

Haywood, Raphaelle D. ^{[3
]}

Johnson, John Asher ^{[1
]}

Lopez-Morales, Mercedes ^{[1
]}

Lovis, Christophe ^{[2
]}

Malavolta, Luca ^{[11
,12
]}

Mayor, Michel

Micela, Giusi ^{[6
]}

Motalebi, Fatemeh ^{[2
]}

Nascimbeni, Valerio ^{[12
]}

Phillips, David F. ^{[1
]}

Piotto, Giampaolo ^{[11
,12
]}

Pollacco, Don ^{[13
]}

Queloz, Didier ^{[2
,14
]}

Rice, Ken ^{[15
]}

Sasselov, Dimitar ^{[1
]}

Segransan, Damien ^{[2
]}

Sozzetti, Alessandro ^{[7
]}

Szentgyorgyi, Andrew ^{[1
]}

Watson, Chris ^{[16
]}

机构：

[1] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[2] Univ Geneva, Astron Observ, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland

[3] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland

[4] INAF Fdn Galileo Galilei, E-38712 Brena Baja, Spain

[5] INAF IASF Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy

[6] INAF Osservatorio Astron Palermo, I-90124 Palermo, Italy

[7] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy

[8] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr Star & Planet Format, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark

[9] Univ Porto, Ctr Astrofis, P-4150762 Oporto, Portugal

[10] Univ Porto, CAUP, Inst Astrofis & Ciencias Espaco, PT-4150762 Oporto, Portugal

[11] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron Galileo Galilei, I-35122 Padua, Italy

[12] INAF Osservatorio Astron Padova, I-35122 Padua, Italy

[13] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England

[14] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England

[15] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, Royal Observ, SUPA, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland

[16] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Astrophys Res Ctr, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2015年 / 800卷 / 02期

基金：

瑞士国家科学基金会; 美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

planetary systems; planets and satellites: composition; stars: individual (Kepler-93=KOI 69=KIC 3544595); techniques: radial velocities; 100 EARTH MASSES; SUPER-EARTH; RADIUS RELATIONSHIPS; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; SOLAR-SYSTEM; STARS; ABUNDANCES; TRANSITS; CATALOG; ORBITS;

D O I：

10.1088/0004-637X/800/2/135

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

Kepler-93b is a 1.478 +/- 0.019 R-circle plus planet with a 4.7 day period around a bright ( V = 10.2), astroseismically characterized host star with a mass of 0.911 +/- 0.033 M-circle dot and a radius of 0.919 +/- 0.011 R-circle dot. Based on 86 radial velocity observations obtained with the HARPS-N spectrograph on the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo and 32 archival Keck/HIRES observations, we present a precise mass estimate of 4.02 +/- 0.68 M-circle plus. The corresponding high density of 6.88 +/- 1.18 g cm(-3) is consistent with a rocky composition of primarily iron and magnesium silicate. We compare Kepler-93b to other dense planets with well-constrained parameters and find that between 1 and 6 M., all dense planets including the Earth and Venus are well-described by the same fixed ratio of iron to magnesium silicate. There are as of yet no examples of such planets with masses > 6 M-circle plus. All known planets in this mass regime have lower densities requiring significant fractions of volatiles or H/He gas. We also constrain the mass and period of the outer companion in the Kepler-93 system from the long-term radial velocity trend and archival adaptive optics images. As the sample of dense planets with well-constrained masses and radii continues to grow, we will be able to test whether the fixed compositional model found for the seven dense planets considered in this paper extends to the full population of 1-6 M-circle plus planets.

引用

页数：7

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