Optimization of adipogenic differentiation conditions for canine adipose-derived stem cells

Background: Canine adipose-derived stem cells (cADSCs) exhibit various differentiation properties and are isolated from the canine subcutaneous fat. Although cADSCs are valuable as tools for research on adipogenic differentiation, studies focusing on adipogenic differentiation methods and the underlying mechanisms are still lacking. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to establish an optimal method for adipogenic differentiation conditions of cADSCs and evaluate the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling in the adipogenic differentiation. Methods: To induce adipogenic differentiation of cADSCs, 3 different adipogenic medium conditions, MDI, DRI, and MDRI, using 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (M), dexamethasone (D), insulin (I), and rosiglitazone (R) were tested. Results: MDRI, addition of PPAR gamma agonist rosiglitazone to MDI, was the most significantly facilitated cADSC into adipocyte. GW9662, an antagonist of PPAR gamma, significantly reduced adipogenic differentiation induced by rosiglitazone. Adipogenic differentiation was also stimulated when 17 beta-estradiol was added to MDI and DRI, and this stimulation was inhibited by the ER antagonist ICI182,780. Conclusions: Taken together, our results suggest that PPAR gamma and ER signaling are related to the adipogenic differentiation of cADSCs. This study could provide basic information for future research on obesity or anti-obesity mechanisms in dogs.