Contradictory studies suggest IGF-I in fish liver and gills is involved in osmoregulation, but nothing is known about the kidney and intestine's role nor about IGF-II's role in any organ Tilapia were transferred from freshwater (FW) to seawater (SW) for 1 week (wk) and retransferred to FW for another week. At 4 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3d and 1 wk after SW-transfer and FW-retransfer IGF-I, IGF-II and growth hormone receptor (GHR1) mRNA were measured by real-time PCR. Hepatic IGF-I, IGF-II and GHR1 mRNA were downregulated in parallel after SW-transfer, recovered and were again downregulated after FW-retransfer. In gills, IGF-I, IGF-II and GHR1 were upregulated synchronously after SW-transfer and, partially also after FW-retransfer The renal genes were downregulated after SW-transfer and partially upregulated after FW-retransfer Persisting upregulation in intestinal IGF-I mRNA occurred after FW-retransfer Thus, endocrine and auto/paracrine IGF-I and IGF-II seem to be involved in fish osmoregulation in an organ-specific manner (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd All rights reserved