The impact of peer pressure on cigarette smoking among high school and university students in Ethiopia: A systemic review and meta-analysis

被引:45
作者
Leshargie, Cheru Tesema [1 ]
Alebel, Animut [1 ]
Kibret, Getiye Dejenu [1 ]
Birhanu, Molla Yigzaw [1 ]
Mulugeta, Henok [1 ]
Malloy, Patricia [2 ]
Wagnew, Fasil [1 ]
Ewunetie, Atsede Alle [1 ]
Ketema, Daniel Bekele [1 ]
Aderaw, Alehegn [1 ]
Assemie, Moges Agazhe [1 ]
Kassa, Getachew Mullu [1 ]
Petrucka, Pammla [3 ,4 ]
Arora, Amit [5 ,6 ,7 ,8 ,9 ]
机构
[1] Debre Markos Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
[2] Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Nursing, Dept Nursing, Regina, SK, Canada
[3] Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Nursing, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
[4] Nelson Mandela African Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Life Sci & Bioengn, Arusha, Tanzania
[5] Western Sydney Univ, Sch Sci & Hlth, Penrith, NSW, Australia
[6] Western Sydney Univ, Translat Hlth Res Inst, Penrith, NSW, Australia
[7] Univ Sydney, Fac Med & Hlth, Sydney Med Sch, Discipline Child & Adolescent Hlth, Westmead, NSW, Australia
[8] Sydney Local Hlth Dist, Oral Hlth Serv, Surry Hills, NSW, Australia
[9] Sydney Dent Hosp, NSW Hlth, Surry Hills, NSW, Australia
来源
PLOS ONE | 2019年 / 14卷 / 10期
关键词
PREVALENCE; PATTERNS; HEALTH; RISK;
D O I
10.1371/journal.pone.0222572
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Background Cigarettes and their by-products (i.e., smoke; ash) are a complex, dynamic, and reactive mixture of around 5,000 chemicals. Cigarette smoking potentially harms nearly every organ of the human body, causes innumerable diseases, and impacts the health of smokers and those interacting with the smokers. Smoking brings greater health problems in the long-term like increased risk of stroke and brain damage. For students, peer pressure is one of the key factors contributing to cigarette smoking. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the impact of peer pressure on cigarette smoking among high school and university students in Ethiopia. Methods An extensive search of key databases including Cochrane Library, PubMed, Google Scholar, Hinari, Embase and Science Direct was conducted to identify and access articles published on the prevalence of cigarette smoking by high school and university students in Ethiopia. The search period for articles was conducted from 21st September, 2018 to 25th December 25, 2018. All necessary data were extracted using a standardized data extraction checklist. Quality and risk of bias of studies were assessed using standardized tools. Heterogeneity between the included studies was assessed using Cochrane Q-test statistic and I-2 test. To estimate the pooled prevalence of cigarette smoking, a random effects model was fitted. The impact of peer pressure on cigarette smoking was determined and was reported in Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Meta-analysis was conducted using Stata software. Results From 175 searched articles, 19 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in this study. The pooled prevalence of cigarette smoking among Ethiopian high school and university students was 15.9% (95% CI: 12.21, 19.63). Slightly higher prevalence of cigarette smoking was noted among university students [17.35% (95% CI: 13.21, 21.49)] as compared to high school students [12.77% (95% CI: 6.72%, 18.82%)]. The current aggregated meta-analysis revealed that peer pressure had a significant influence on cigarette smoking (OR: 2.68 (95% CI: 2.37, 3.03). Conclusion More than one sixth of the high school and university students in Ethiopia smoke cigarette. Students who had peer pressure from their friends were more likely to smoke cigarette. Therefore, school-based intervention programs are needed to reduce the high prevalence of cigarette smoking among students in Ethiopia.
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页数:19
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