Activation of caspase-3 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase signaling pathways involving heroin-induced neuronal apoptosis

Heroin has been shown to cause spongiform leukoencephalopathy (SLE) in heroin addicts. In this study, we found that heroin could induce apoptosis of primary cultured cerebellar granule cells (CGC) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway is activated during CGCs apoptosis. Inhibiting JNK with a specific inhibitor, SP600125, reduced the levels of c-Jun phosphorylation and caspase-3 activation. We also showed that use the JNK inhibitor SP600125, caspase inhibitor z-VAD, or use SP600125 and z-VAD together significantly suppressed cell death induced by heroin. These results indicate that JNK pathway is an important mediator of the neurotoxic effects of heroin and inhibiting JNK activity may represent a new and effective strategy to treat heroin-induced SLE. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.