State of the Art of Automated Buses

被引：81

作者：

Ainsalu, Jaagup ^{[1
]}

Arffman, Ville ^{[2
]}

Bellone, Mauro ^{[3
]}

Ellner, Maximilian ^{[4
]}

Haapamaki, Taina ^{[5
]}

Haavisto, Noora ^{[2
]}

Josefson, Ebba ^{[6
]}

Ismailogullari, Azat ^{[2
]}

Lee, Bob ^{[6
]}

Madland, Olav ^{[7
]}

Madzulis, Raitis ^{[8
]}

Muur, Jaanus ^{[9
]}

Makinen, Sami ^{[5
]}

Nousiainen, Ville ^{[10
]}

Pilli-Sihvola, Eetu ^{[11
]}

Rutanen, Eetu ^{[2
]}

Sahala, Sami ^{[10
]}

Schonfeldt, Boris

Smolnicki, Piotr Marek ^{[12
]}

Soe, Ralf-Martin ^{[9
]}

Saaski, Juha ^{[2
]}

Szymanska, Magdalena

Vaskinn, Ingar

Aman, Milla ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] Tallinn City Govt, Tallinn Transport Dept, EE-10146 Tallinn, Estonia

[2] Metropolia Univ Appl Sci, Dept Automot & Mech Engn, FI-00079 Helsinki, Finland

[3] Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Mech & Maritime Sci, SE-41258 Gothenburg, Sweden

[4] IKEM Inst Climate Protect Energy & Mobil, DE-10179 Berlin, Germany

[5] FLOU Solut Ltd, FI-00170 Helsinki, Finland

[6] Front Advokater, SE-41117 Gothenburg, Sweden

[7] Appl Auton Ltd, NO-3616 Kongsberg, Norway

[8] Zemgale Planning Reg, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia

[9] Tallinn Univ Technol, Ragnar Nurkse Dept Innovat & Governance, EE-12616 Tallinn, Estonia

[10] Forum Virium Helsinki, FI-00130 Helsinki, Finland

[11] Finnish Transport Safety Agcy Trafi, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland

[12] Gdansk Univ Technol, Dept Urban Design & Reg Planning, PL-80233 Gdansk, Poland

来源：

SUSTAINABILITY | 2018年 / 10卷 / 09期

关键词：

automated buses; electrification; intelligent urban transportation; TRAVERSABILITY;

D O I：

10.3390/su10093118

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

Urban transportation in the next few decades will shift worldwide toward electrification and automation, with the final aim of increasing energy efficiency and safety for passengers. Such a big change requires strong collaboration and efforts among public administration, research and stakeholders in developing, testing and promoting these technologies in public transportation. Working in this direction, this work provides a review of the impact of the introduction of driverless electric minibuses, for the first and last mile transportation, in public service. More specifically, this paper covers the state of the art in terms of technological background for automation, energy efficiency via electrification and the current state of the legal framework in Europe with a focus on the Baltic Sea Region.

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