The State of Radiology AI: Considerations for Purchase Decisions and Current Market Offerings

Purpose: To provide an overview of important factors to consider when purchasing radiology artificial intelligence (AI) software and current software offerings by type, subspecialty, and modality. Materials and Methods: Important factors for consideration when purchasing AI software, including key decision makers, data ownership and privacy, cost structures, performance indicators, and potential return on investment are described. For the market overview, a list of radiology AI companies was aggregated from the Radiological Society of North America and the Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine conferences (November 2016-June 2019), then narrowed to companies using deep learning for imaging analysis and diagnosis. Software created for image enhancement, reporting, or workflow management was excluded. Software was categorized by task (repetitive, quantitative, explorative, and diagnostic), modality, and subspecialty. Results: A total of 119 software offerings from 55 companies were identified. There were 46 algorithms that currently have Food and Drug Administration and/or Conformite Europeenne approval (as of November 2019). Of the 119 offerings, distribution of software targets was 34 of 70 (49%), 21 of 70 (30%), 14 of 70 (20%), and one of 70 (1%) for diagnostic, quantitative, repetitive, and explorative tasks, respectively. A plurality of companies are focused on nodule detection at chest CT and two-dimensional mammography. There is very little activity in certain subspecialties, including pediatrics and nuclear medicine. A comprehensive table is available on the website hitilab.org/pages/ai-companies. Conclusion: The radiology AI marketplace is rapidly maturing, with an increase in product offerings. Radiologists and practice administrators should educate themselves on current product offerings and important factors to consider before purchase and implementation. (C) RSNA, 2020