Prime editing: The state-of-the-art of genome editing

Several diseases are the consequence of genetic alterations in normal DNA sequences. Solving the problem of these alterations can be possible through genome editing which exactly means replacing the wrong sequence with the correct ones. One of the common tools for this repair is clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) (Joung et al., 2018). In fact CRISPER is a family of DNA sequences originated from the prokaryotic genome. Cas9 (or "CRISPR-associated protein 9") is an enzyme that guides CRISPR sequences to the target and cut specific target strands of DNA through their DNA complementary characteristics to the CRISPR sequence (Tengyu and Mefford, 2019; Shen et al., 2017). CRISPR-Cas9 is the genome editing components with a wide usage in genetic sequence repair in the way of disease treatment.