Biologics in the Treatment of Uveitis

Goal To provide an overview of biologics that are used to treat noninfectious uveitis, including their different targets, modes of actions, and indications. Material and Methods A review of recent and well-established literature was used to present the biochemical and pathophysiological background of biologics and to provide an account of evidence-based decision making for their use, not only in noninfectious uveitis in general, but with special regard to indications for their use in particular types of uveitis. Results Extensive clinical data for adalimumab shows that it is currently the only approved biologic for the treatment of uveitis. However, there is sufficient evidence to argue that many other biologics, notably TNF-alpha inhibitors, certain Interleukin inhibitors, Interferons, and B cell and T cell inhibitors, are also suitable for use in uveitis. Conclusions Biologics have revolutionized the treatment of noninfectious uveitis and are now considered indispensable. They are used in cases of insufficient response to or intolerance of conventional immunosuppressive agents. However, they can also be indicated as a first-line therapy for certain types of uveitis (e.g., Behcet's disease). TNF-alpha inhibitors are the most commonly used biologics in the treatment of uveitis.