Resource extraction and infrastructure threaten forest cover and community rights

被引:132
作者
Bebbington, Anthony J. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Bebbington, Denise Humphreys [4 ]
Sauls, Laura Aileen [2 ]
Rogan, John [2 ]
Agrawal, Sumali [5 ]
Gamboa, Cesar [6 ]
Imhof, Aviva [7 ]
Johnson, Kimberly [2 ]
Rosa, Herman [8 ]
Royo, Antoinette [9 ]
Toumbourou, Tessa [10 ]
Verdum, Ricardo [11 ]
机构
[1] Univ Melbourne, Sch Geog, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia
[2] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA
[3] Univ Manchester, Global Dev Inst, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England
[4] Clark Univ, Dept Int Dev Community & Environm, Worcester, MA 01610 USA
[5] Yayasan Tambuhak Sinta, Kalimantan Tengah 74874, Indonesia
[6] Derecho Ambiente & Recursos Nat, Lima 11, Peru
[7] European Climate Fdn, NL-2513 AM The Hague, Netherlands
[8] Programa Reg Invest Desarrollo & Medio Ambiente, San Salvador, El Salvador
[9] Samdhana Inst, Bogor 16153, Indonesia
[10] Univ Melbourne, Sch Geog, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia
[11] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Museo Nacl, BR-21941901 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
基金
澳大利亚研究理事会;
关键词
extractive industry; infrastructure; deforestation; rights; climate; LAND-USE; PROTECTED AREAS; AMAZON; SUSTAINABILITY; DEFORESTATION; EMISSIONS; REGION; RISKS; ROADS;
D O I
10.1073/pnas.1812505115
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Mineral and hydrocarbon extraction and infrastructure are increasingly significant drivers of forest loss, greenhouse gas emissions, and threats to the rights of forest communities in forested areas of Amazonia, Indonesia, and Mesoamerica. Projected investments in these sectors suggest that future threats to forests and rights are substantial, particularly because resource extraction and infrastructure reinforce each other and enable population movements and agricultural expansion further into the forest. In each region, governments have made framework policy commitments to national and cross-border infrastructure integration, increased energy production, and growth strategies based on further exploitation of natural resources. This reflects political settlements among national elites that endorse resource extraction as a pathway toward development. Regulations that protect forests, indigenous and rural peoples' lands, and conservation areas are being rolled back or are under threat. Small-scale gold mining has intensified in specific locations and also has become a driver of deforestation and degradation. Forest dwellers' perceptions of insecurity have increased, as have documented homicides of environmental activists. To explain the relationships among extraction, infrastructure, and forests, this paper combines a geospatial analysis of forest loss overlapped with areas of potential resource extraction, interviews with key informants, and feedback from stakeholder workshops. The increasing significance of resource extraction and associated infrastructure as drivers of forest loss and rights violations merits greater attention in the empirical analyses and conceptual frameworks of Sustainability Science.
引用
收藏
页码:13164 / 13173
页数:10
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