Functional trait diversity maximizes ecosystem multifunctionality

被引:402
作者
Gross, Nicolas [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann [1 ]
Liancourt, Pierre [4 ]
Berdugo, Miguel [1 ]
Gotelli, Nicholas J. [5 ]
Maestre, Fernando T. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Dept Biol & Geol Fis & Quim Inorgan, Escuela Super Ciencias Expt & Tecnol, C Tulipan S-N, Mostoles 28933, Spain
[2] INRA, Chize CEBC USC1339, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, France
[3] Univ La Rochelle, Ctr Etude Biol Chize, CNRS, UMR 7372, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, France
[4] Czech Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Dukelska 135, Trebon 37982, Czech Republic
[5] Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA
基金
欧盟地平线“2020”; 美国国家科学基金会; 欧洲研究理事会;
关键词
COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BIODIVERSITY; COEXISTENCE; CHALLENGES; ARIDITY; TREE;
D O I
10.1038/s41559-017-0132
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
Understanding the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has been a core ecological research topic over the past decades. Although a key hypothesis is that the diversity of functional traits determines ecosystem functioning, we do not know how much trait diversity is needed to maintain multiple ecosystem functions simultaneously (multifunctionality). Here, we uncovered a scaling relationship between the abundance distribution of two key plant functional traits (specific leaf area, maximum plant height) and multifunctionality in 124 dryland plant communities spread over all continents except Antarctica. For each trait, we found a strong empirical relationship between the skewness and the kurtosis of the trait distributions that cannot be explained by chance. This relationship predicted a strikingly high trait diversity within dryland plant communities, which was associated with a local maximization of multifunctionality. Skewness and kurtosis had a much stronger impact on multifunctionality than other important multifunctionality drivers such as species richness and aridity. The scaling relationship identified here quantifies how much trait diversity is required to maximize multifunctionality locally. Trait distributions can be used to predict the functional consequences of biodiversity loss in terrestrial ecosystems.
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页数:9
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