Protection by Neuroglobin expression in Brain Pathologies

被引:54
作者
Baez, Eliana [1 ]
Echeverria, Valentina [2 ]
Cabezas, Ricardo [1 ]
Avila-Rodriguez, Marco [1 ]
Miguel Garcia-Segura, Luis [3 ]
Barreto, George E. [1 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Pontificia Univ Javeriana, Fac Ciencias, Dept Nutr & Bioquim, Bogota, Colombia
[2] Univ San Sebastian, Fac Ciencias Salud, Concepcion, Chile
[3] CSIC, Inst Cajal, Madrid, Spain
[4] Univ Autonoma Chile, Inst Ciencias Biomed, Santiago, Chile
关键词
astrocytes; neuroglobin; mitochondria; neuroprotection; brain injury; OXYGEN-GLUCOSE DEPRIVATION; MOUSE CORTICAL-NEURONS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; MITOCHONDRIAL-FUNCTION; CEREBRAL MALARIA; UP-REGULATION; NITRIC-OXIDE; IN-VIVO; ASTROCYTE MITOCHONDRIA;
D O I
10.3389/fneur.2016.00146
中图分类号
R74 [神经病学与精神病学];
学科分类号
摘要
Astrocytes play an important role in physiological, metabolic, and structural functions, and when impaired, they can be involved in various pathologies including Alzheimer, focal ischemic stroke, and traumatic brain injury. These disorders involve an imbalance in the blood flow and nutrients such as glucose and lactate, leading to biochemical and molecular changes that cause neuronal damage, which is followed by loss of cognitive and motor functions. Previous studies have shown that astrocytes are more resilient than neurons during brain insults as a consequence of their more effective antioxidant systems, transporters, and enzymes, which made them less susceptible to excitotoxicity. In addition, astrocytes synthesize and release different protective molecules for neurons, including neuroglobin, a member of the globin family of proteins. After brain injury, neuroglobin expression is induced in astrocytes. Since neuroglobin promotes neuronal survival, its increased expression in astrocytes after brain injury may represent an endogenous neuroprotective mechanism. Here, we review the role of neuroglobin in the central nervous system, its relationship with different pathologies, and the role of different factors that regulate its expression in astrocytes.
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页数:10
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