Short-wavelength light sensitivity of circadian, pupillary, and visual awareness in humans lacking an outer retina

被引:243
作者
Zaidi, Farhan H. [1 ]
Hull, Joseph T. [2 ]
Peirson, Stuart N. [3 ]
Wulff, Katharina [3 ]
Aeschbach, Daniel [2 ,4 ]
Gooley, Joshua J. [2 ,4 ]
Brainard, George C. [5 ]
Gregory-Evans, Kevin [1 ]
Rizzo, Joseph F., III [6 ]
Czeisler, Charles A. [2 ,4 ]
Foster, Russell G. [3 ]
Moseley, Merrick J. [7 ]
Lockley, Steven W. [2 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Imperial Coll London, Fac Med, Div Neurosci & Mental Hlth, London W6 8RF, England
[2] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Sleep Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA
[3] Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Nuffield Lab Ophthalmol, Oxford OX3 7BN, England
[4] Harvard Med Sch, Div Sleep Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA
[5] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Neurol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
[6] Harvard Med Sch, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Ophthalmol, Boston, MA 02114 USA
[7] City Univ London, Dept Optometry & Visual Sci, London EC1V 0HB, England
基金
英国惠康基金;
关键词
D O I
10.1016/j.cub.2007.11.034
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
As the ear has dual functions for audition and balance, the eye has a dual role in detecting light for a wide range of behavioral and physiological functions separate from sight [1-11]. These responses are driven primarily by stimulation of photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (pRGCs) that are most sensitive to short-wavelength (similar to 480 nm) blue light and remain functional in the absence of rods and cones [8-10]. We examined the spectral sensitivity of non-image-forming responses in two profoundly blind subjects lacking functional rods and cones (one male, 56 yr old; one female, 87 yr old). In the male subject, we found that short-wavelength light preferentially suppressed melatonin, reset the circadian pacemaker, and directly enhanced alertness compared to 555 nm exposure, which is the peak sensitivity of the photopic visual system. In an action spectrum for pupillary constriction, the female subject exhibited a peak spectral sensitivity (lambda(max)) of 480 nm, matching that of the pRGCs but not that of the rods and cones. This subject was also able to correctly report a threshold short-wavelength stimulus (similar to 480 nm) but not other wavelengths. Collectively these data show that pRGCs contribute to both circadian physiology and rudimentary visual awareness in humans and challenge the assumption that rod- and cone-based photoreception mediate all "visual" responses to light.
引用
收藏
页码:2122 / 2128
页数:7
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