Resolvins and Protectins in Inflammation Resolution

The key role of a number of lipid mediators in the initiation of the inflammatory response and the subsequent progression toward resolution is described. Despite its critical host-protective function, acute inflammation is not sustainable over a prolonged period of time, giving rise to disruptive conditions of chronic inflammation that may be responsible for the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases that can be attributed to a failure of resolution. Activation of these receptors by these lipids directly affects the expression levels of multiple enzymes, chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors that play dominant roles in inflammation and resolution. The discovery of resolvins, protectins, and maresins is of particular significance, since these potent lipid mediators provided the first molecular basis for the many health benefits attributed to the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA, which are abundant in fish and are widely used as dietary supplements.