Sacubitril/valsartan versus enalapril on exercise capacity in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: A randomized, double-blind, active-controlled study

Background Sacubitril/valsar tan reduces mortality in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) when compared with enalapril. However, it is unknown the effect of both treatments on exercise capacity. We compared sacubitril/valsartan versus enalapril in patients with HFrEF based on peak oxygen consumption (VO2) and 6-minute walk test (6-MWT). Methods We included 52 participants with HFrEF with a left ventricular ejection fraction <40% to receive either sacu-bitril/ valsartan (target dose of 400 mg daily) or enalapril (target dose of 40 mg daily). Peak VO2 was measured by using cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Six-minute walk test was also performed. Results At 12 weeks, the sacubitril/valsartan (mean dose 382.6 +/- 57.6 mg daily) group had increased peak VO2 of 13.1% (19.35 +/- 0.99 to 21.89 +/- 1.04 mL/kg/min) and enalapril (mean dose 34.4 +/- 9.2 mg daily) 5.6% (18.58 +/- 1.19 to 19.62 +/- 1.25 mL/kg/min). However, no difference was found between groups (P = .332 interaction). At 24 weeks, peak VO2 increased 13.5% (19.35 +/- 0.99 to 21.96 +/- 0.98 mL/kg/min) and 12.0% (18.58 +/- 1.19 to 20.82 +/- 1.18 mL/kg/min) in sacubitril/valsartan (mean dose 400 +/- 0 mg daily) and enalapril (mean dose 32.7 +/- 11.0 mg daily), respectively. However, no differences were found between groups (P = .332 interaction). At 12 weeks, 6-MWT increased in both groups (sacubitril/valsartan: 459 +/- 18 to 488 +/- 17 meters [6.3%] and enalapril: 443 +/- 22 to 477 +/- 21 meters [7.7%]). At 24 weeks, sacubitril/valsartan increased 18.3% from baseline (543 +/- 26 meters) and enalapril decreased slightly to 6.8% (473 +/- 31 meters), but no differences existed between groups (P = .257 interaction). Conclusions Compared to enalapril, sacubitril/valsartan did not substantially improve peak VO2 or 6-MWT after 12 or 24 weeks in participants with HFrEF.