Hybrid point/ring-defect photonic crystal VCSEL with high spectral purity and high output power

A hybrid point/ring-defect photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is presented. To analyze the possible lasing supermodes, the device is simplified to a 3 x 1 VCSEL array along any direction in plane due to the hybrid point/ring defects with approximately radial symmetry. Three supermodes are predicted based on the coupled-mode theory. In the experiment, only three supermodes appear at most over the entire current range, consistent with the theoretical predictions. The full width at half maximum of the lasing spectrum at rollover is less than 0.1 nm, and the maximum output power of the device reaches 4.3 mW.