Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Cecropia glaziovii leaves

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Cecropia glaziovii Sneth leaves extract is widely used as a traditional folk medicine in Brazil, especially for the treatment of diabetes, and as an antihypertensive and antiinflammatory agent. Aim of the study: To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of crude aqueous extract (CAE) of C. glaziovii leaves. Materials and methods: The in vivo anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of the CAE (10-300 mg/kg, intragastrically) was investigated in the animal model of pleurisy. The cell migration, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6), nitrite/nitrate concentration, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, oxidative damage in lipids and proteins, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and total protein content were also analyzed. Furthermore, the in vitro antioxidant activity of CAE was evaluated by the inhibition of formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), induced by free radical generators (H2O2, FeSO4 and AAPH) on a lipid-rich substrate. Hence, the chemical characterizarion of CAE by HPLC was therefore performed. The results showed that the inflammatory process caused by the administration of carragenin (Cg) into the pleural cavity resulted in a substantial increase in inflammatory parameters and oxidative damage. These levels seems to be reversed after CAE treatment in animals with similar results to Dexamethasone (Dex) treatment. Further, the CAE was effective in reducing proinflammatory cytokines, cell infiltrate, MPO activity, nitrite/nitrate concentration, LDH activity, and total protein levels with concomitant attenuation of all parameters associated with oxidative damage induced by Cg. Finally, the CAE presented in vitro antioxidant activity induced by free radical generators at all the concentrations investigated. HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of chlorogenic acid and C-glycosylflavonoids (isoorientin and isovitexin) as the major compounds of the CAE. Conclusion: CAE of C. glaziovii exerts significant antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities and this effect can be attributed, at least in part, to the presence of chlorogenic acid and the C-glycosylflavonoids. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.