A Review of Performance Attenuation and Mitigation Strategies of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Given their high energy/power densities and long cycle time, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become one type of the most practical power sources for electric/hybrid electric automobile, portable electronics, and power plants. However, the performance attenuation of LIBs has limited their applications in many energy-related systems. In this review, the performance attenuation mechanisms of LIBs and the effort in development of mitigation strategies are comprehensively reviewed in terms of the commonly used cathode materials and anode materials, electrolytes, and current collectors. Several challenges are analyzed and several further research directions are also proposed for overcoming the challenges toward improvement of LIB performance.