Development of a Consistent and Reproducible Porcine Scald Burn Model

There are very few porcine burn models that replicate scald injuries similar to those encountered by children. We have developed a robust porcine burn model capable of creating reproducible scald burns for a wide range of burn conditions. The study was conducted with juvenile Large White pigs, creating replicates of burn combinations; 50 degrees C for 1, 2, 5 and 10 minutes and 60 degrees C, 70 degrees C, 80 degrees C and 90 degrees C for 5 seconds. Visual wound examination, biopsies and Laser Doppler Imaging were performed at 1, 24 hours and at 3 and 7 days post-burn. A consistent water temperature was maintained within the scald device for long durations (49.8 +/- 0.1 degrees C when set at 50 degrees C). The macroscopic and histologic appearance was consistent between replicates of burn conditions. For 50 degrees C water, 10 minute duration burns showed significantly deeper tissue injury than all shorter durations at 24 hours post-burn (p <= 0.0001), with damage seen to increase until day 3 post-burn. For 5 second duration burns, by day 7 post-burn the 80 degrees C and 90 degrees C scalds had damage detected significantly deeper in the tissue than the 70 degrees C scalds (p <= 0.001). A reliable and safe model of porcine scald burn injury has been successfully developed. The novel apparatus with continually refreshed water improves consistency of scald creation for long exposure times. This model allows the pathophysiology of scald burn wound creation and progression to be examined.