Holographic Joule-Thomson expansion in lower dimensions

The thermodynamical process of Joule-Thomson expansion is extended to the lower-dimensional spacetimes by considering rotating, charged and charged rotating BTZ black hole metrics. The Joule-Thomson coefficients, the inversion curves and the isenthalps are found for all three cases. From the behavior of inversion curves in the T - P plane, it is observed that there exists only minimum inversion temperatures for BTZ black holes. The relevant calculations for rotating BTZ black holes are almost straightforward, while it is more challenging to address when a charge parameter is added. In the case of charged BTZ metrics, the black hole system can be considered in two possible thermodynamical schemes and it is explicitly proved that the Joule-Thomson expansion is present in a specific scheme (referred to as scheme II) in which thermodynamic instabilities do not arise. The existence of Joule-Thomson expansion in all three BTZ cases strongly indicates that these lower-dimensional black hole spacetimes can be considered as interacting statistical systems like their higher-dimensional cousins.