共 34 条
Fyn knock-down increases Aβ, decreases phospho-tau, and worsens spatial learning in 3 x Tg-AD mice
被引:21
作者:

Minami, S. Sakura
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20057 USA Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Clifford, Thomas G.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20057 USA Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Hoe, Hyang-Sook
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20057 USA
Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Matsuoka, Yasuji
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Rebeck, G. William
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20057 USA Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20057 USA
机构:
[1] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20057 USA
[2] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA
关键词:
Fyn;
APP;
A beta;
Tau;
Phosphorylation;
AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN;
TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODEL;
ACCOMPANIES DISEASE PROGRESSION;
ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE;
TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION;
NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES;
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS;
KINASE;
APP;
MODULATION;
D O I:
10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.05.014
中图分类号:
R592 [老年病学];
C [社会科学总论];
学科分类号:
03 ;
0303 ;
100203 ;
摘要:
Fyn kinase phosphorylates tau and exacerbates amyloid beta (A beta)-mediated synaptic dysfunction. However, Fyn also increases the nonpathological cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP), suggesting opposing roles for Fyn in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To determine the effect of Fyn on both A beta and tau pathologies, we crossed homozygous Alzheimer's disease triple transgenic (3 x Tg) mice harboring mutations in amyloid precursor protein, presenilin-1, and tau with wild-type or Fyn knockout mice to generate Fyn(+/+) 3 x Tg(+/-) or Fyn(+/-) 3 x Tg(+/-) mice. We found that Fyn(+/-) 3 x Tg(+/-) mice had increased soluble and intracellular A beta, and these changes were accompanied by impaired performance on the Morris water maze at 18 months. Fyn(+/-)3 x Tg(+/-) mice had decreased phosphorylated tau at 15-18 months (as did Fyn knockout mice), but Fyn(+/-)3 x Tg(+/-) mice had increased phosphorylated tau by 24 months. In addition, we observed that Fyn(+/-)3 x Tg(+/-) males were delayed in developing A beta pathology compared with females, and displayed better spatial learning performance at 18 months. Overall, these findings suggest that loss of Fyn at early stages of disease increases soluble A beta accumulation and worsens spatial learning in the absence of changes in tau phosphorylation. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:825.e15 / 825.e24
页数:10
相关论文
共 34 条
[1]
Tyrosine phosphorylation of tau accompanies disease progression in transgenic mouse models of tauopathy
[J].
Bhaskar, K.
;
Hobbs, G. A.
;
Yen, S-H.
;
Lee, G.
.
NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY,
2010, 36 (06)
:462-477

Bhaskar, K.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Iowa, Dept Internal Med, Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA Univ Iowa, Dept Internal Med, Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA

Hobbs, G. A.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Iowa, Dept Internal Med, Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA Univ Iowa, Dept Internal Med, Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA

Yen, S-H.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Mayo Clin Jacksonville, Dept Neurosci, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA Univ Iowa, Dept Internal Med, Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA

Lee, G.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Iowa, Dept Internal Med, Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA Univ Iowa, Dept Internal Med, Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
[2]
NEOCORTICAL NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES CORRELATE WITH DEMENTIA SEVERITY IN ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE
[J].
BIERER, LM
;
HOF, PR
;
PUROHIT, DP
;
CARLIN, L
;
SCHMEIDLER, J
;
DAVIS, KL
;
PERL, DP
.
ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY,
1995, 52 (01)
:81-88

BIERER, LM
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,NEW YORK,NY 10029

HOF, PR
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,NEW YORK,NY 10029

PUROHIT, DP
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,NEW YORK,NY 10029

CARLIN, L
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,NEW YORK,NY 10029

SCHMEIDLER, J
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,NEW YORK,NY 10029

DAVIS, KL
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,NEW YORK,NY 10029

PERL, DP
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,NEW YORK,NY 10029
[3]
Fyn kinase induces synaptic and cognitive impairments in a Transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
[J].
Chin, J
;
Palop, JJ
;
Puoliväli, J
;
Massaro, C
;
Bien-Ly, N
;
Gerstein, H
;
Scearce-Levie, K
;
Masliah, E
;
Mucke, L
.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE,
2005, 25 (42)
:9694-9703

Chin, J
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Neurol Dis, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA

Palop, JJ
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Neurol Dis, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA

Puoliväli, J
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Neurol Dis, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA

Massaro, C
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Neurol Dis, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA

Bien-Ly, N
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Neurol Dis, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA

Gerstein, H
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Neurol Dis, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA

Scearce-Levie, K
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Neurol Dis, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA

Masliah, E
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Neurol Dis, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA

Mucke, L
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Neurol Dis, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
[4]
Fyn kinase modulates synaptotoxicity, but not aberrant sprouting, in human amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice
[J].
Chin, J
;
Palop, JJ
;
Yu, GQ
;
Kojima, N
;
Masliah, E
;
Mucke, L
.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE,
2004, 24 (19)
:4692-4697

Chin, J
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Neurol Dis, San Francisco, CA 94141 USA

Palop, JJ
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Neurol Dis, San Francisco, CA 94141 USA

Yu, GQ
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Neurol Dis, San Francisco, CA 94141 USA

Kojima, N
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Neurol Dis, San Francisco, CA 94141 USA

Masliah, E
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Neurol Dis, San Francisco, CA 94141 USA

Mucke, L
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Neurol Dis, San Francisco, CA 94141 USA
[5]
Classification and basic pathology of Alzheimer disease
[J].
Duyckaerts, Charles
;
Delatour, Benoit
;
Potier, Marie-Claude
.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA,
2009, 118 (01)
:5-36

论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:

Delatour, Benoit
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Ctr Rech Inst Cerveau & Moelle, CNRS, INSERM, Team 103,UMRS 975,UMR 7225, Paris, France Univ Paris, Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, APHP, Lab Neuropathol Escourolle, F-75651 Paris 13, France

Potier, Marie-Claude
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Ctr Rech Inst Cerveau & Moelle, CNRS, INSERM, Team 103,UMRS 975,UMR 7225, Paris, France Univ Paris, Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, APHP, Lab Neuropathol Escourolle, F-75651 Paris 13, France
[6]
Neuronal loss correlates with but exceeds neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease
[J].
GomezIsla, T
;
Hollister, R
;
West, H
;
Mui, S
;
Growdon, JH
;
Petersen, RC
;
Parisi, JE
;
Hyman, BT
.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY,
1997, 41 (01)
:17-24

GomezIsla, T
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,NEUROL SERV,CHARLESTOWN,MA 02129

Hollister, R
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,NEUROL SERV,CHARLESTOWN,MA 02129

West, H
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,NEUROL SERV,CHARLESTOWN,MA 02129

Mui, S
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,NEUROL SERV,CHARLESTOWN,MA 02129

Growdon, JH
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,NEUROL SERV,CHARLESTOWN,MA 02129

Petersen, RC
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,NEUROL SERV,CHARLESTOWN,MA 02129

Parisi, JE
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,NEUROL SERV,CHARLESTOWN,MA 02129

Hyman, BT
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,NEUROL SERV,CHARLESTOWN,MA 02129
[7]
Females exhibit more extensive amyloid, but not tau, pathology in an Alzheimer transgenic model
[J].
Hirata-Fukae, Chiho
;
Li, Hui-Fang
;
Hoe, Hyang-Sook
;
Gray, Audrey J.
;
Minami, S. Sakura
;
Hamada, Katsuyoshi
;
Niikura, Takako
;
Hua, Fang
;
Tsukagoshi-Nagai, Hiroe
;
Horikoshi-Sakuraba, Yuko
;
Mughal, Mohamed
;
Rebeck, G. William
;
LaFerla, Frank M.
;
Mattson, Mark P.
;
Iwata, Nobuhisa
;
Saido, Takaomi C.
;
Klein, William L.
;
Duff, Karen E.
;
Aisen, Paul S.
;
Matsuoka, Yasuji
.
BRAIN RESEARCH,
2008, 1216
:92-103

Hirata-Fukae, Chiho
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Li, Hui-Fang
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Hoe, Hyang-Sook
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Gray, Audrey J.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Minami, S. Sakura
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA
Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20057 USA Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Hamada, Katsuyoshi
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Immunobiol Labs, Gunma 3700831, Japan Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Niikura, Takako
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Hua, Fang
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Tsukagoshi-Nagai, Hiroe
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Immunobiol Labs, Gunma 3700831, Japan Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Horikoshi-Sakuraba, Yuko
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Immunobiol Labs, Gunma 3700831, Japan Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Mughal, Mohamed
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NIA, Neurosci Lab, Intramural Res Program, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Rebeck, G. William
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20057 USA Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA

LaFerla, Frank M.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Irvine, CA 92697 USA Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Mattson, Mark P.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NIA, Neurosci Lab, Intramural Res Program, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Iwata, Nobuhisa
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
RIKEN, Brain Sci Inst, Lab Proteolyt Neurosci, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Saido, Takaomi C.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
RIKEN, Brain Sci Inst, Lab Proteolyt Neurosci, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Klein, William L.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Northwestern Univ, Inst Neurosci, Cognit Neurol & Alzheimers Dis Ctr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Duff, Karen E.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Columbia Univ, Taub Inst Alzheimers Dis Res, New York, NY 10032 USA Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Aisen, Paul S.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA
Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, Alzheimers Dis Cooperat Study, Sch Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Matsuoka, Yasuji
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA
GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Neurodegenerat Res, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA
[8]
Altered p59Fyn kinase expression accompanies disease progression in Alzheimer's disease:: implications for its functional role
[J].
Ho, GJ
;
Hashimoto, M
;
Adame, A
;
Izu, M
;
Alford, ME
;
Thal, LJ
;
Hansen, LA
;
Masliah, E
.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING,
2005, 26 (05)
:625-635

Ho, GJ
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA

Hashimoto, M
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA

Adame, A
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA

Izu, M
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA

Alford, ME
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA

Thal, LJ
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA

Hansen, LA
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA

Masliah, E
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
[9]
Functional interactions of APP with the apoE receptor family
[J].
Hoe, Hyang-Sook
;
Rebeck, George William
.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY,
2008, 106 (06)
:2263-2271

Hoe, Hyang-Sook
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Georgetown Univ, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20052 USA Georgetown Univ, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20052 USA

Rebeck, George William
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Georgetown Univ, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20052 USA Georgetown Univ, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20052 USA
[10]
Fyn modulation of dab1 effects on amyloid precursor protein and ApoE receptor 2 processing
[J].
Hoe, Hyang-Sook
;
Minami, S. Sakura
;
Makarova, Alexandra
;
Lee, Jiyeon
;
Hyman, Bradley T.
;
Matsuoka, Yasuji
;
Rebeck, G. William
.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY,
2008, 283 (10)
:6288-6299

Hoe, Hyang-Sook
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Georgetown Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20057 USA Georgetown Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Minami, S. Sakura
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Georgetown Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20057 USA
Georgetown Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA Georgetown Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Makarova, Alexandra
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, MassGen Inst Neurodegenerat Disorders, Dept Neurol, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA Georgetown Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Lee, Jiyeon
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol & Physiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA Georgetown Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Hyman, Bradley T.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, MassGen Inst Neurodegenerat Disorders, Dept Neurol, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA Georgetown Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Matsuoka, Yasuji
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Georgetown Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA Georgetown Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20057 USA

Rebeck, G. William
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Georgetown Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20057 USA Georgetown Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20057 USA