Characteristic electromagnetic waves caused by tensorial and possible nontensorial thermal high-frequency gravitational waves from magnetars

Interaction between the gravitational waves (GWs) and the strong magnetic fields would lead to the perturbed electromagnetic waves (EMWs). Magnetars can have ultra-strong surface magnetic fields similar to 10(11) Tesla, and meanwhile, they would generate the thermal high-frequency GWs (HFGWs) caused by the Fermi liquid phonons and the gravitational bremsstrahlung inside. Here, we for the first time address the perturbed EMWs caused by such thermal-HFGWs interacting with the ultra-strong surface magnetic fields of the magnetars. It is expected that the perturbed EMWs would distribute in very characteristic patterns that have never been predicted before, which may deliver and reflect the crucial information of the polarizations (tensorial and possible nontensorial) of the thermal-HFGWs and the particular features of the structures of magnetars. The estimated power density of such perturbed EMWs would reach similar to 10(6)-10(8 )W/m(2) in the area around the surface of magnetar, and the strengths of perturbed EMWs in the observational direction would appear in characteristic pulse-like envelopes. Obtained results may suggest the novel effect of potential evidences of the possible nontensorial GWs, the thermal-HFGWs from magnetars, the mechanism of EM response to the GWs, and the models of magnetars and their magnetic fields. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.