Pulsed Field Ablation: a New Paradigm for Catheter Ablation of Arrhythmias

Purpose of Review Current ablation approach for arrhythmias relies upon the use of radiofrequency (RF) and cryoablation catheters. Although there have been significant advances both in catheter design and in energy delivery approaches, limitations such as suboptimal efficacy and safety remain. Pulsed field ablation (PFA) has emerged as a novel approach to ablation that is distinct from RF and cryoablation by virtue of selective ablation of myocardial tissue. Preclinical and clinical reports have demonstrated lesion durability with an excellent safety profile. These findings need to be confirmed in prospective randomized trials that are currently ongoing. In this review, we describe efficacy and safety outcomes from both pre-clinical and clinical studies that have been performed so far and briefly discuss ongoing clinical trials and future investigations. Recent Findings Data from pre-clinical and clinical research have shown PFA as a promising tool for ablation of cardiac arrhythmias. In addition to safety regarding mitigating the risk to surrounding structures such as the phrenic nerve, esophagus, PFA also offers an effective method for ablation. In this review, we summarize the currently published pre-clinical and clinical data evaluating the safety and efficacy of PFA for cardiac arrhythmias.