Utilization of a triple hexagonal split ring resonator (SRR) based metamaterial sensor for the improved detection of fuel adulteration

In this work, a triple hexagonal split ring resonator incorporated metamaterial sensor is proposed for the improved detection of fuel adulteration. The proposed metamaterial structure is made of three resonators, acting to gather the effective capacitive and inductive properties whereby any trivial variations in the dielectric properties of the system can be readily correlated with the shift in the resonance frequency. The advanced design system and computer simulation technology software were used to measure the transmission coefficient, followed by numerical and experimental investigations. The proposed sensor was validated on petrol, kerosene and grease samples having different contents and humidity levels. Results showed a noticeable shift in the resonance frequency of the samples upon changing their concentration and humidity. The sensor was able to provide an improved sensitivity and a high-quality factor of 291. The proposed design can be used for the real time applications in the frequency range from 1 to 20 GHz.