Highly pathogenic avian influenza in domestic poultry and wild birds: A risk analysis framework

Animal disease surveillance implies the collection of information related to the occurrence of disease and the implementation of actions for prevention, control, and eradication. in the case of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N 1, surveillance in wild birds is an important component of a comprehensive surveillance program to generate information that should lead to specific actions. Few, if any, of these actions are or should be directed toward wild birds; the vast majority are applied to the domestic poultry sector. A comprehensive surveillance plan should address four key areas: early warning, prevention, detection, and emergency response. The paper addresses these components in light of HPAI. Risk analysis for HPAI is broadly outlined with particular emphasis on risk-management strategies, including compartmentalization based on the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) guidelines.