Charles S. Peirce and Darwin's Theory of Evolution: Some Remarks On a Possible Misunderstanding. The article intends to explore a mostly overlooked topic, that of Peirce's philosophical response to Darwin's theory of evolution. The most striking feature of nineteenth-century science in Peirce's view was the increasing role of statistics, not only in the kinetic theory of gases but also in the theory of measurement. From the ubiquity of probable errors in scientific measurements, Peirce concluded the inherent inexactitude of all scientific measurements and the existence of real chance in nature. This conception of science predisposed Peirce favorably toward Darwin's theory. Firstly, the Author argues that what particularly appealed to Peirce in Darwin's theory was an aspect which Darwin himself tried to conceal in embarrassment, namely the employment of chance as a mode of explanation. Secondly, it is argued that Peirce failed to recognize the importance assigned by Darwin to the selective pressures imposed on an organism by the environment in which it is located. Finally, the Author maintains that Peirce was so impressed with the statistical aspect of Darwin's theory that he failed to recognize the crucial role assigned by it to the non-random influence of selection.
