Health Impact of Stigma, Discrimination, Prejudice, and Bias Experienced by Transgender People: A Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies

被引:95
作者
Drabish, Kerry [1 ]
Theeke, Laurie A. [1 ]
机构
[1] West Virginia Univ, Sch Nursing, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
关键词
MENTAL-HEALTH; MINORITY STRESS; SAMPLE; WOMEN;
D O I
10.1080/01612840.2021.1961330
中图分类号
R47 [护理学];
学科分类号
1011 ;
摘要
Introduction: Stigma affects all aspects of transgender peoples' health. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the quantitative findings from the literature focused on the health impact of stigma resulting from discrimination, prejudice, and bias experienced by transgender people.Method: To better understand the current state of the health impact of transgender stigma, the author conducted a search that included stigma, discrimination, prejudice, bias, health, and transgender people.Results: A total of 15 studies met inclusion criteria for review. Results indicate that transgender people experience discrimination, prejudice, and bias at high levels. When internalized, this victimization leads to decreased psychological health, including increased harmful behaviors such as substance abuse and eating disorders, reduced relationship quality, ineffective coping and lower levels of self-esteem, and increased risk of attempted suicide. Internalized stigma also leads to decreased physical health outcomes stemming from healthcare avoidance, reduced healthcare utilization, decreased screenings, and delayed treatment.Discussion: Additional research is needed to enhance generalizability to larger transgender populations. Additional studies are also required to increase provider knowledge and cultural competence to provide safe care environments and transgender-appropriate care. As well, further research is vital to incorporate LGBTQ-sensitive training in healthcare academia.
引用
收藏
页码:111 / 118
页数:8
相关论文
共 21 条
[1]   The Impact of Social Connectedness and Internalized Transphobic Stigma on Self-Esteem Among Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Adults [J].
Austin, Ashley ;
Goodman, Revital .
JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY, 2017, 64 (06) :825-841
[2]   Stigma, Mental Health, and Resilience in an Online Sample of the US Transgender Population [J].
Bockting, Walter O. ;
Miner, Michael H. ;
Romine, Rebecca E. Swinburne ;
Hamilton, Autumn ;
Coleman, Eli .
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, 2013, 103 (05) :943-951
[3]   Experiences of Transgender-Related Discrimination and Implications for Health: Results From the Virginia Transgender Health Initiative Study [J].
Bradford, Judith ;
Reisner, Sari L. ;
Honnold, Julie A. ;
Xavier, Jessica .
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, 2013, 103 (10) :1820-1829
[4]   Unpacking Body Image Concerns and Disordered Eating for Transgender Women: The Roles of Sexual Objectification and Minority Stress [J].
Brewster, Melanie E. ;
Velez, Brandon L. ;
Breslow, Aaron S. ;
Geiger, Elizabeth F. .
JOURNAL OF COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY, 2019, 66 (02) :131-142
[5]   Attempted suicide among transgender persons: The influence of gender-based discrimination and victimization [J].
Clements-Nolle, Kristen ;
Marx, Rani ;
Katz, Mitchell .
JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY, 2006, 51 (03) :53-69
[6]   Factors associated with healthcare avoidance among transgender women in Argentina [J].
Eugenia Socias, Maria ;
Marshall, Brandon D. L. ;
Aristegui, Ines ;
Romero, Marcela ;
Cahn, Pedro ;
Kerr, Thomas ;
Sued, Omar .
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR EQUITY IN HEALTH, 2014, 13
[7]  
Flores A.R., 2016, RACE ETHNICITY ADULT
[8]   Gender Minority Stress, Mental Health, and Relationship Quality: A Dyadic Investigation of Transgender Women and Their Cisgender Male Partners [J].
Gamarel, Kristi E. ;
Reisner, Sari L. ;
Laurenceau, Jean-Philippe ;
Nemoto, Tooru ;
Operario, Don .
JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY, 2014, 28 (04) :437-447
[9]   The Role of Discrimination in Care Postponement Among Trans-Feminine Individuals in the US National Transgender Discrimination Survey [J].
Glick, Jennifer L. ;
Theall, Katherine P. ;
Andrinopoulos, Katherine M. ;
Kendall, Carl .
LGBT HEALTH, 2018, 5 (03) :171-179
[10]   A Conceptual Framework for Clinical Work With Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Clients: An Adaptation of the Minority Stress Model [J].
Hendricks, Michael L. ;
Testa, Rylan J. .
PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE, 2012, 43 (05) :460-467