Biochemical Recurrence After Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy in a European Single-centre Cohort with a Minimum Follow-up Time of 5 Years

Background: Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is an increasingly commonly used surgical treatment option for prostate cancer (PCa); however, its longer-term oncologic results remain uncertain. Objective: To report biochemical recurrence-free survival (BRFS) outcomes for men who underwent RARP >= 5 yr ago at a single European centre. Design, setting, and participants: A total of 944 patients underwent RARP as monotherapy for PCa from January 2002 to December 2006 at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Standard clinicopathologic variables were recorded and entered into a secure, ethics-approved database made up of those men with registered domiciles in Stockholm. The median follow-up time was 6.3 yr (interquartile range: 5.6-7.2). Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: The outcome of this study was biochemical recurrence (BCR), defined as a confirmed prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of >= 0.2 ng/ml. Kaplan-Meier survival plots with log-rank tests, as well as Cox univariable and multivariable regression analyses, were used to determine BRFS estimates and determine predictors of PSA relapse, respectively. Results and limitations: The BRFS for the entire cohort at median follow-up was 84.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 82.2-87.1); estimates at 5, 7, and 9 yr were 87.1% (95% CI, 84.8-89.2), 84.5% (95% CI, 81.8-86.8), and 82.6% (95% CI, 79.0-85.6), respectively. Nine and 19 patients died of PCa and other causes, respectively, giving end-of-follow-up Kaplan-Meier survival estimates of 98.0% (95% CI, 95.5-99.1) and 94.1% (95% CI, 90.4-96.4), respectively. Preoperative PSA > 10, postoperative Gleason sum >= 4 + 3, pathologic T3 disease, positive surgical margin status, and lower surgeon volume were associated with increased risk of BCR on multivariable analysis. This study is limited by a lack of nodal status and tumour volume, which may have confounded our findings. Conclusions: This case series from a single, high-volume, European centre demonstrates that RARP has satisfactory medium-term BRFS. Further follow-up is necessary to determine how this finding will translate into cancer-specific and overall survival outcomes. (C) 2012 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.