The paper examines high-temperature corrosion-resistant strong nanoporous structures based on silicon carbide and boron nitride and effective membranes produced from them. The samples made of silicon carbide and boron nitride have the following characteristics: 40-48% and 38% open porosity; 0.05 mu m and 0.045 mu m pore size; 29 MPa and 19 MPa bending strength; and 0.119 mu m(2) and 0.0819 mu m(2) gas permeability. Anisotropy is revealed in membranes. It permits using the membranes as gas diodes and as a peculiar storage of gas molecules in the membrane (in particular, hydrogen molecules).