Risk factors for CMV infection within 100 days posttransplantation in patients with acute leukemia

Objective: To investigate the risk factors for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection within 100 days and the relationship between early CMV infection and 1-year relapse for patients with acute leukemia following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Methods: Three hundred fifty-nine patients with acute leukemia who received allo-HSCT at our center between January 2015 and January 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Of 359 patients, 48.19% (173) patients experienced CMV infection within 100 days posttransplantation. In univariate and multivariate logistic analysis, haploidentical-related donor (HRD) (P < 0.001; odds ratio [OR], 5.542; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.186-9.639), and ratio of CD3(+)CD8(+) cells in lymphocytes <14.825% (P < 0.001; OR, 3.005; 95% CI, 1.712-5.275) were identified as 2 independent risk factors. One-year relapse rate (RR) between the CMV infection group and the non-CMV infection group was not statistically significant (18.5% vs 19.9%, P = 0.688). When we divided the total cohort into AML, ALL, and MAL subgroups, there were no significant differences as well (P = 0.138; P = 0.588; P = 0.117; respectively). Conclusion: In conclusion, donor type (HRD) and the insufficient recovery of CD3(+)CD8(+) cells were independent risk factors for CMV infection within 100 days posttransplantation in patients with acute leukemia. CMV infection within 100 days did not influence the incidence of relapse in 1 year for patients with acute leukemia.