Double-balloon enteroscopy in patients with GI bleeding of obscure origin

Background: Small-bowel bleeding is difficult to treat and diagnose. The recent introduction of wireless capsule endoscopy permits examination of the entire small intestine, but this method lacks tissue sampling and therapeutic capabilities. Recently, Yamamoto et al established a double-balloon insertion method for enteroscopy that allows examination of the entire small bowel and interventional options. Objective: To evaluate double-balloon enteroscopy in patients with obscure GI bleeding. Setting: Single-center prospective study. Patients: Thirty-one consecutive patients with obscure GI bleeding (13 females; 18 males; mean age 56.4 +/- 3.2 years). Criteria for inclusion in the study were documented iron deficiency anemia (hemoglobin level < 10 g/dL. or a decrease of > 2 g/dL over >= 2 months); upper endoscopy not revealing a site/cause of blood loss: and similarly uninformative lower endoscopy including examination of the terminal ileum. Interventions: Endoscopic biopsy or therapy was performed as clinically indicated. Main Outcome Measurements: Diagnostic yield for patients with obscure GI bleeding and patient follow-up. Results: Double-balloon enteroscopy was completed Without complications in all patients. Bleeding points were identified in 23 patients (74.2%). In 21 (91.3%) of these 23 patients the cause of blood loss was identified and treated with no further bleeding at 8.5 +/- 0.6 months of follow-up. Limitations: Small number of patients. Conclusions: These data suggest that double-balloon enteroscopy is useful for evaluation and treatment of patients with GI bleeding of obscure origin.