Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been available in research and clinical practice for more than four decades. Recently, there have been numerous publications and substantial developments in the field. This article describes the clinical application of NIRS in relation to current guidelines, with a focus on pediatric and cardiac anesthesia. It discusses technical and physiological principles, pitfalls in clinical use and presents (patho)physiological influencing factors and derived variables, such as fractional oxygen extraction (FOE) and the cerebral oxygen index (COx). Recommendations for the interpretation of NIRS values in connection with influencing factors, such as oxygen transport capacity, gas exchange and circulation as well as an algorithm for cardiac anesthesia are presented. Limitations of the method and the lack of comparability of values from different devices as well as generally accepted standard values are explained. Technical differences and advantages compared to pulse oxymetry and transcranial Doppler sonography are illuminated. Finally, the prognostic significance and requirements for future clinical studies are discussed.
机构:
Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Div Pediat Crit Care Med, Torrance, CA 90509 USA
CHOC Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat Crit Care Med, Orange, CA USAHarbor UCLA Med Ctr, Div Pediat Crit Care Med, Torrance, CA 90509 USA
Alosh, Humam
Ramirez, Alma
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机构:
Los Angeles BioMed Res Inst, Div Pediat Crit Care Med, Torrance, CA USAHarbor UCLA Med Ctr, Div Pediat Crit Care Med, Torrance, CA 90509 USA
Ramirez, Alma
Mink, Richard
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h-index: 0
机构:
Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Div Pediat Crit Care Med, Torrance, CA 90509 USA
Los Angeles BioMed Res Inst, Div Pediat Crit Care Med, Torrance, CA USA
Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USAHarbor UCLA Med Ctr, Div Pediat Crit Care Med, Torrance, CA 90509 USA
机构:
Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 111 Michigan Ave NW,WW 3-5,Suite 600, Washington, DC 20010 USAChildrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 111 Michigan Ave NW,WW 3-5,Suite 600, Washington, DC 20010 USA
Aly, Safwat A.
Zurakowski, David
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h-index: 0
机构:
Harvard Med Sch, Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Anesthesia, Boston, MA USA
Harvard Med Sch, Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Surg, Boston, MA USAChildrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 111 Michigan Ave NW,WW 3-5,Suite 600, Washington, DC 20010 USA
Zurakowski, David
Glass, Penny
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h-index: 0
机构:
Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Washington, DC 20010 USAChildrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 111 Michigan Ave NW,WW 3-5,Suite 600, Washington, DC 20010 USA
Glass, Penny
Skurow-Todd, Kami
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h-index: 0
机构:
Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Washington, DC 20010 USAChildrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 111 Michigan Ave NW,WW 3-5,Suite 600, Washington, DC 20010 USA
Skurow-Todd, Kami
Jonas, Richard A.
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h-index: 0
机构:
Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Div Cardiothorac Surg, Washington, DC 20010 USAChildrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 111 Michigan Ave NW,WW 3-5,Suite 600, Washington, DC 20010 USA
Jonas, Richard A.
Donofrio, Mary T.
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h-index: 0
机构:
Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Washington, DC 20010 USAChildrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 111 Michigan Ave NW,WW 3-5,Suite 600, Washington, DC 20010 USA
机构:
Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Dept Anesthesia & Crit Care, Iowa City, IA 52242 USAUniv Iowa Hosp & Clin, Dept Anesthesia & Crit Care, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
机构:
NYU, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Sch Med,Bellevue Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USANYU, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Sch Med,Bellevue Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA
Bailey, Sean M.
Hendricks-Munoz, Karen D.
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NYU, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Sch Med,Bellevue Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USANYU, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Sch Med,Bellevue Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA
Hendricks-Munoz, Karen D.
Wells, John T.
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h-index: 0
机构:
NYU, Dept Neurol, Div Pediat Neurol, Sch Med,Bellevue Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USANYU, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Sch Med,Bellevue Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA
Wells, John T.
Mally, Pradeep
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h-index: 0
机构:
NYU, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Sch Med,Bellevue Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USANYU, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Sch Med,Bellevue Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA
机构:
Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia & Perioperat Care, 513 Parnassus Ave,Box 0542, San Francisco, CA 94143 USAUniv Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia & Perioperat Care, 513 Parnassus Ave,Box 0542, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
Bickler, Philip
Feiner, John
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Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia & Perioperat Care, 513 Parnassus Ave,Box 0542, San Francisco, CA 94143 USAUniv Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia & Perioperat Care, 513 Parnassus Ave,Box 0542, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
Feiner, John
Rollins, Mark
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Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia & Perioperat Care, 513 Parnassus Ave,Box 0542, San Francisco, CA 94143 USAUniv Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia & Perioperat Care, 513 Parnassus Ave,Box 0542, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
Rollins, Mark
Meng, Lingzhong
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h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia & Perioperat Care, 513 Parnassus Ave,Box 0542, San Francisco, CA 94143 USAUniv Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia & Perioperat Care, 513 Parnassus Ave,Box 0542, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
机构:
Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Div Pediat Crit Care Med, Torrance, CA 90509 USA
CHOC Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat Crit Care Med, Orange, CA USAHarbor UCLA Med Ctr, Div Pediat Crit Care Med, Torrance, CA 90509 USA
Alosh, Humam
Ramirez, Alma
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Los Angeles BioMed Res Inst, Div Pediat Crit Care Med, Torrance, CA USAHarbor UCLA Med Ctr, Div Pediat Crit Care Med, Torrance, CA 90509 USA
Ramirez, Alma
Mink, Richard
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Div Pediat Crit Care Med, Torrance, CA 90509 USA
Los Angeles BioMed Res Inst, Div Pediat Crit Care Med, Torrance, CA USA
Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USAHarbor UCLA Med Ctr, Div Pediat Crit Care Med, Torrance, CA 90509 USA
机构:
Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 111 Michigan Ave NW,WW 3-5,Suite 600, Washington, DC 20010 USAChildrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 111 Michigan Ave NW,WW 3-5,Suite 600, Washington, DC 20010 USA
Aly, Safwat A.
Zurakowski, David
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Harvard Med Sch, Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Anesthesia, Boston, MA USA
Harvard Med Sch, Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Surg, Boston, MA USAChildrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 111 Michigan Ave NW,WW 3-5,Suite 600, Washington, DC 20010 USA
Zurakowski, David
Glass, Penny
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Washington, DC 20010 USAChildrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 111 Michigan Ave NW,WW 3-5,Suite 600, Washington, DC 20010 USA
Glass, Penny
Skurow-Todd, Kami
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Washington, DC 20010 USAChildrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 111 Michigan Ave NW,WW 3-5,Suite 600, Washington, DC 20010 USA
Skurow-Todd, Kami
Jonas, Richard A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Div Cardiothorac Surg, Washington, DC 20010 USAChildrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 111 Michigan Ave NW,WW 3-5,Suite 600, Washington, DC 20010 USA
Jonas, Richard A.
Donofrio, Mary T.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Washington, DC 20010 USAChildrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 111 Michigan Ave NW,WW 3-5,Suite 600, Washington, DC 20010 USA
机构:
Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Dept Anesthesia & Crit Care, Iowa City, IA 52242 USAUniv Iowa Hosp & Clin, Dept Anesthesia & Crit Care, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
机构:
NYU, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Sch Med,Bellevue Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USANYU, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Sch Med,Bellevue Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA
Bailey, Sean M.
Hendricks-Munoz, Karen D.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NYU, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Sch Med,Bellevue Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USANYU, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Sch Med,Bellevue Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA
Hendricks-Munoz, Karen D.
Wells, John T.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NYU, Dept Neurol, Div Pediat Neurol, Sch Med,Bellevue Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USANYU, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Sch Med,Bellevue Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA
Wells, John T.
Mally, Pradeep
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NYU, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Sch Med,Bellevue Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USANYU, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Sch Med,Bellevue Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA
机构:
Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia & Perioperat Care, 513 Parnassus Ave,Box 0542, San Francisco, CA 94143 USAUniv Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia & Perioperat Care, 513 Parnassus Ave,Box 0542, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
Bickler, Philip
Feiner, John
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia & Perioperat Care, 513 Parnassus Ave,Box 0542, San Francisco, CA 94143 USAUniv Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia & Perioperat Care, 513 Parnassus Ave,Box 0542, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
Feiner, John
Rollins, Mark
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia & Perioperat Care, 513 Parnassus Ave,Box 0542, San Francisco, CA 94143 USAUniv Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia & Perioperat Care, 513 Parnassus Ave,Box 0542, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
Rollins, Mark
Meng, Lingzhong
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia & Perioperat Care, 513 Parnassus Ave,Box 0542, San Francisco, CA 94143 USAUniv Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia & Perioperat Care, 513 Parnassus Ave,Box 0542, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA