Gravitational-wave astrophysics with effective-spin measurements: Asymmetries and selection biases

被引:93
作者
Ng, Ken K. Y. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Vitale, Salvatore [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Zimmerman, Aaron [4 ]
Chatziioannou, Katerina [4 ]
Gerosa, Davide [5 ]
Haster, Carl-Johan [4 ]
机构
[1] MIT, LIGO, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
[2] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
[3] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
[4] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
[5] CALTECH, TAPIR 350-17,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
COMPACT BINARIES; BLACK-HOLES; STAR; EVOLUTION; MERGERS;
D O I
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.083007
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
Gravitational waves emitted by coalescing compact objects carry information about the spin of the individual bodies. However, with present detectors only the mass-weighted combination of the components of the spin along the orbital angular momentum can be measured accurately. This quantity, the effective spin chi(eff), is conserved up to at least the second post-Newtonian order. The measured distribution of chi(eff) values from a population of detected binaries, and in particular whether this distribution is symmetric about zero, encodes valuable information about the underlying compact-binary formation channels. In this paper we focus on two important complications of using the effective spin to study astrophysical population properties: (i) an astrophysical distribution for chi(eff) values which is symmetric does not necessarily lead to a symmetric distribution for the detected effective spin values, leading to a selection bias; and (ii) the posterior distribution of chi(eff) for individual events is asymmetric and it cannot usually be treated as a Gaussian. We find that the posterior distributions for chi(eff) systematically show fatter tails toward larger positive values, unless the total mass is large or the mass ratio m(2)/m(1) is smaller than similar to 1/2. Finally we show that uncertainties in the measurement of chi(eff) are systematically larger when the true value is negative than when it is positive. All these factors can bias astrophysical inference about the population when we have more than similar to 100 events and should be taken into account when using gravitational-wave measurements to characterize astrophysical populations.
引用
收藏
页数:18
相关论文
共 79 条
[1]  
Aasi J., 2015, CLASSICAL QUANTUM GR, V32
[2]   Predictions for the rates of compact binary coalescences observable by ground-based gravitational-wave detectors [J].
Abadie, J. ;
Abbott, B. P. ;
Abbott, R. ;
Abernathy, M. ;
Accadia, T. ;
Acerneseac, F. ;
Adams, C. ;
Adhikari, R. ;
Ajith, P. ;
Allen, B. ;
Allen, G. ;
Ceron, E. Amador ;
Amin, R. S. ;
Anderson, S. B. ;
Anderson, W. G. ;
Antonuccia, F. ;
Aoudiaa, S. ;
Arain, M. A. ;
Araya, M. ;
Aronsson, M. ;
Arun, K. G. ;
Aso, Y. ;
Aston, S. ;
Astonea, P. ;
Atkinson, D. E. ;
Aufmuth, P. ;
Aulbert, C. ;
Babak, S. ;
Baker, P. ;
Ballardin, G. ;
Ballmer, S. ;
Barker, D. ;
Barnum, S. ;
Baroneac, F. ;
Barr, B. ;
Barriga, P. ;
Barsotti, L. ;
Barsuglia, M. ;
Barton, M. A. ;
Bartos, I. ;
Bassiri, R. ;
Bastarrika, M. ;
Bauchrowitz, J. ;
Bauera, Th S. ;
Behnke, B. ;
Beker, M. G. ;
Benacquista, M. ;
Bertolini, A. ;
Betzwieser, J. ;
Beveridge, N. .
CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY, 2010, 27 (17)
[3]   GW150914: The Advanced LIGO Detectors in the Era of First Discoveries [J].
Abbott, B. P. ;
Abbott, R. ;
Abbott, T. D. ;
Abernathy, M. R. ;
Acernese, F. ;
Ackley, K. ;
Adams, C. ;
Adams, T. ;
Addesso, P. ;
Adhikari, R. X. ;
Adya, V. B. ;
Affeldt, C. ;
Agathos, M. ;
Agatsuma, K. ;
Aggarwal, N. ;
Aguiar, O. D. ;
Aiello, L. ;
Ain, A. ;
Ajith, P. ;
Allen, B. ;
Allocca, A. ;
Altin, P. A. ;
Anderson, S. B. ;
Anderson, W. G. ;
Arai, K. ;
Araya, M. C. ;
Arceneaux, C. C. ;
Areeda, J. S. ;
Arnaud, N. ;
Arun, K. G. ;
Ascenzi, S. ;
Ashton, G. ;
Ast, M. ;
Aston, S. M. ;
Astone, P. ;
Aufmuth, P. ;
Aulbert, C. ;
Babak, S. ;
Bacon, P. ;
Bader, M. K. M. ;
Baker, P. T. ;
Baldaccini, F. ;
Ballardin, G. ;
Ballmer, S. W. ;
Barayoga, J. C. ;
Barclay, S. E. ;
Barish, B. C. ;
Barker, D. ;
Barone, F. ;
Barr, B. .
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2016, 116 (13)
[4]   GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral [J].
Abbott, B. P. ;
Abbott, R. ;
Abbott, T. D. ;
Acernese, F. ;
Ackley, K. ;
Adams, C. ;
Adams, T. ;
Addesso, P. ;
Adhikari, R. X. ;
Adya, V. B. ;
Affeldt, C. ;
Afrough, M. ;
Agarwal, B. ;
Agathos, M. ;
Agatsuma, K. ;
Aggarwal, N. ;
Aguiar, O. D. ;
Aiello, L. ;
Ain, A. ;
Ajith, P. ;
Allen, B. ;
Allen, G. ;
Allocca, A. ;
Altin, P. A. ;
Amato, A. ;
Ananyeva, A. ;
Anderson, S. B. ;
Anderson, W. G. ;
Angelova, S. V. ;
Antier, S. ;
Appert, S. ;
Arai, K. ;
Araya, M. C. ;
Areeda, J. S. ;
Arnaud, N. ;
Arun, K. G. ;
Ascenzi, S. ;
Ashton, G. ;
Ast, M. ;
Aston, S. M. ;
Astone, P. ;
Atallah, D. V. ;
Aufmuth, P. ;
Aulbert, C. ;
AultONeal, K. ;
Austin, C. ;
Avila-Alvarez, A. ;
Babak, S. ;
Bacon, P. ;
Bader, M. K. M. .
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2017, 119 (16)
[5]   GW170608: Observation of a 19 Solar-mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence [J].
Abbott, B. P. ;
Abbott, R. ;
Abbott, T. D. ;
Acernese, F. ;
Ackley, K. ;
Adams, C. ;
Adams, T. ;
Addesso, P. ;
Adhikari, R. X. ;
Adya, V. B. ;
Affeldt, C. ;
Afrough, M. ;
Agarwal, B. ;
Agathos, M. ;
Agatsuma, K. ;
Aggarwal, N. ;
Aguiar, O. D. ;
Aiello, L. ;
Ain, A. ;
Ajith, P. ;
Allen, B. ;
Allen, G. ;
Allocca, A. ;
Altin, P. A. ;
Amato, A. ;
Ananyeva, A. ;
Anderson, S. B. ;
Anderson, W. G. ;
Angelova, S. V. ;
Antier, S. ;
Appert, S. ;
Arai, K. ;
Araya, M. C. ;
Areeda, J. S. ;
Arnaud, N. ;
Arun, K. G. ;
Ascenzi, S. ;
Ashton, G. ;
Ast, M. ;
Aston, S. M. ;
Astone, P. ;
Atallah, D. V. ;
Aufmuth, P. ;
Aulbert, C. ;
AultONeal, K. ;
Austin, C. ;
Avila-Alvarez, A. ;
Babak, S. ;
Bacon, P. ;
Bader, M. K. M. .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2017, 851 (02)
[6]   GW170814: A Three-Detector Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Coalescence [J].
Abbott, B. P. ;
Abbott, R. ;
Abbott, T. D. ;
Acernese, F. ;
Ackley, K. ;
Adams, C. ;
Adams, T. ;
Addesso, P. ;
Adhikari, R. X. ;
Adya, V. B. ;
Affeldt, C. ;
Afrough, M. ;
Agarwal, B. ;
Agathos, M. ;
Agatsuma, K. ;
Aggarwal, N. ;
Aguiar, O. D. ;
Aiello, L. ;
Ain, A. ;
Ajith, P. ;
Allen, B. ;
Allen, G. ;
Allocca, A. ;
Altin, P. A. ;
Amato, A. ;
Ananyeva, A. ;
Anderson, S. B. ;
Anderson, W. G. ;
Angelova, S. V. ;
Antier, S. ;
Appert, S. ;
Arai, K. ;
Araya, M. C. ;
Areeda, J. S. ;
Arnaud, N. ;
Arun, K. G. ;
Ascenzi, S. ;
Ashton, G. ;
Ast, M. ;
Aston, S. M. ;
Astone, P. ;
Atallah, D. V. ;
Aufmuth, P. ;
Aulbert, C. ;
AultONeal, K. ;
Austin, C. ;
Avila-Alvarez, A. ;
Babak, S. ;
Bacon, P. ;
Bader, M. K. M. .
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2017, 119 (14)
[7]   Upper Limits on the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background from Advanced LIGO's First Observing Run [J].
Abbott, B. P. ;
Abbott, R. ;
Abbott, T. D. ;
Abernathy, M. R. ;
Acernese, F. ;
Ackley, K. ;
Adams, C. ;
Adams, T. ;
Addesso, P. ;
Adhikari, R. X. ;
Adya, V. B. ;
Affeldt, C. ;
Agathos, M. ;
Agatsuma, K. ;
Aggarwal, N. ;
Aguiar, O. D. ;
Aiello, L. ;
Ain, A. ;
Ajith, P. ;
Allen, B. ;
Allocca, A. ;
Altin, P. A. ;
Ananyeva, A. ;
Anderson, S. B. ;
Anderson, W. G. ;
Appert, S. ;
Arai, K. ;
Araya, M. C. ;
Areeda, J. S. ;
Arnaud, N. ;
Arun, K. G. ;
Ascenzi, S. ;
Ashton, G. ;
Ast, M. ;
Aston, S. M. ;
Astone, P. ;
Aufmuth, P. ;
Aulbert, C. ;
Avila-Alvarez, A. ;
Babak, S. ;
Bacon, P. ;
Bader, M. K. M. ;
Baker, P. T. ;
Baldaccini, F. ;
Ballardin, G. ;
Ballmer, S. W. ;
Barayoga, J. C. ;
Barclay, S. E. ;
Barish, B. C. ;
Barker, D. .
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2017, 118 (12)
[8]   UPPER LIMITS ON THE RATES OF BINARY NEUTRON STAR AND NEUTRON STAR-BLACK HOLE MERGERS FROM ADVANCED LIGO'S FIRST OBSERVING RUN [J].
Abbott, B. P. ;
Abbott, R. ;
Abbott, T. D. ;
Abernathy, M. R. ;
Acernese, E. ;
Ackley, K. ;
Adams, C. ;
Adams, T. ;
Addesso, P. ;
Adhikari, R. X. ;
Adya, V. B. ;
Affeldt, C. ;
Agathos, M. ;
Agatsuma, K. ;
Aggarwal, N. ;
Aguiar, O. D. ;
Aiello, L. ;
Ain, A. ;
Ajith, P. ;
Allen, B. ;
Allocca, A. ;
Altin, P. A. ;
Anderson, S. B. ;
Anderson, W. G. ;
Arai, K. ;
Araya, M. C. ;
Arceneaux, C. C. ;
Areeda, J. S. ;
Arnaud, N. ;
Arun, K. G. ;
Ascenzi, S. ;
Ashton, G. ;
Ast, M. ;
Aston, S. M. ;
Astone, P. ;
Aufmuth, P. ;
Aulbert, C. ;
Babak, S. ;
Bacon, P. ;
Bader, M. K. M. ;
Baker, P. T. ;
Baldaccini, F. ;
Ballardin, G. ;
Ballmer, S. W. ;
Barayoga, J. C. ;
Barclay, S. E. ;
Barish, B. C. ;
Barker, D. ;
Barone, E. ;
Barr, B. .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2016, 832 (02)
[9]   Binary Black Hole Mergers in the First Advanced LIGO Observing Run [J].
Abbott, B. P. ;
Abbott, R. ;
Abbott, T. D. ;
Abernathy, M. R. ;
Acernese, F. ;
Ackley, K. ;
Adams, C. ;
Adams, T. ;
Addesso, P. ;
Adhikari, R. X. ;
Adya, V. B. ;
Affeldt, C. ;
Agathos, M. ;
Agatsuma, K. ;
Aggarwal, N. ;
Aguiar, O. D. ;
Aiello, L. ;
Ain, A. ;
Ajith, P. ;
Allen, B. ;
Allocca, A. ;
Altin, P. A. ;
Anderson, S. B. ;
Anderson, W. G. ;
Arai, K. ;
Araya, M. C. ;
Arceneaux, C. C. ;
Areeda, J. S. ;
Arnaud, N. ;
Arun, K. G. ;
Ascenzi, S. ;
Ashton, G. ;
Ast, M. ;
Aston, S. M. ;
Astone, P. ;
Aufmuth, P. ;
Aulbert, C. ;
Babak, S. ;
Bacon, P. ;
Bader, M. K. M. ;
Baker, P. T. ;
Baldaccini, F. ;
Ballardin, G. ;
Ballmer, S. W. ;
Barayoga, J. C. ;
Barclay, S. E. ;
Barish, B. C. ;
Barker, D. ;
Barone, F. ;
Barr, B. .
PHYSICAL REVIEW X, 2016, 6 (04)
[10]   Prospects for Observing and Localizing Gravitational-Wave Transients with Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo [J].
Abbott, B. P. ;
Abbott, R. ;
Abbott, T. D. ;
Abernathy, M. R. ;
Acernese, F. ;
Ackley, K. ;
Adams, C. ;
Adams, T. ;
Addesso, P. ;
Adhikari, R. X. ;
Adya, V. B. ;
Affeldt, C. ;
Agathos, M. ;
Agatsuma, K. ;
Aggarwal, N. ;
Aguiar, O. D. ;
Ain, A. ;
Ajith, P. ;
Allen, B. ;
Allocca, A. ;
Altin, P. A. ;
Amariutei, D. V. ;
Anderson, S. B. ;
Anderson, W. G. ;
Arai, K. ;
Araya, M. C. ;
Arceneaux, C. C. ;
Areeda, J. S. ;
Arnaud, N. ;
Arun, K. G. ;
Ashton, G. ;
Ast, M. ;
Aston, S. M. ;
Astone, P. ;
Aufmuth, P. ;
Aulbert, C. ;
Babak, S. ;
Baker, P. T. ;
Baldaccini, F. ;
Ballardin, G. ;
Ballmer, S. W. ;
Barayoga, J. C. ;
Barclay, S. E. ;
Barish, B. C. ;
Barker, D. ;
Barone, F. ;
Barr, B. ;
Barsotti, L. ;
Barsuglia, M. ;
Barta, D. .
LIVING REVIEWS IN RELATIVITY, 2016, 19 :1-39