Device engineering aspects of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)

Organic Light-emitting materials are great candidates for display and illumination systems because of their wide color gamut, high color purity with low turn-on voltage, and ultrathin form factor. This article reviews the technological advancements in device structure engineering, organic materials for emissive and charge transport layer for excition formation, and patterning techniques for high-resolution full-color display. The review also focused on improving the light extraction efficiency by optimizing the angular distribution of light through the substrate modification. The significant role of intrinsic and extrinsic impurities in dark-spot formation affecting device lifetime was also discussed. Finally, the illumination applications of OLEDs in display and lightening application along with its merits were also reported.