Mixing characteristics of axisymmetric free jets from a contoured nozzle, an orifice plate and a pipe

The differences in mixing performance between axisymmetric turbulent jets issuing from three common types of nozzle, viz. a contoured (or smooth contraction) nozzle, a sharp-edged orifice and a long pipe, are investigated. The investigation is carried out using both qualitative flows, visualizations and quantitative measurements of the centerline passive temperature. It is revealed that the jet issuing from cut orifice plate provides the greatest rate of mixing with ambient fluid, while the pipe jet has the lowest rate. Physical insight into the differences is explored using a planar imaging technique and measurements Of power spectra of the fluctuating velocity.