A Three-Terminal Monolithic Perovskite/Si Tandem Solar Cell Characterization Platform

Measuring perovskite/Si tandem cells' photovoltaic properties is challenging due to intrinsic and extrinsic issues such as the monolithic series connection feature and the spectral mismatch of most commercial solar simulators. Here, we report a simple but effective strategy that involves the application of three-terminal (3-T) architecture to monolithic perovskite/Si tandem cells for comprehensive characterization while circumventing the spectral mismatch issue. We demonstrate that the current density-voltage characteristics and the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of each subcell can be measured independently using 3-T architecture without any light/potential bias. In addition, a comprehensive study of electron dynamics, such as charge recombination kinetics of subcells, has been performed. As a result of reducing optical losses and precise current matching, the monolithic perovskite/Si tandem cell exhibits a power-conversion efficiency of 23.5% (23.1% corrected by EQE) and remarkable stability by maintaining 97% of its initial value after 100 days.