[1] Edward Hines Jr VA Hosp, Ctr Innovat Complex Chron Healthcare, Hines, IL USA
[2] Univ Illinois, Dept Pharm Syst Outcomes & Policy, Chicago, IL USA
[3] Iowa City VA Hlth Care Syst, Iowa City, IA USA
[4] Univ Iowa, Div Infect Dis, Dept Internal Med, Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52246 USA
[5] VA Portland Healthcare Syst, Portland, OR USA
[6] VA Salt Lake City Hlth Care Syst, Salt Lake City, UT USA
[7] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA
[8] VA Pharm Benefits Management Serv, Hines, IL USA
[9] Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
[10] Univ Iowa, Dept Geog & Sustainabil Sci, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Iowa City, IA 52246 USA
[11] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA
[12] William S Middleton Mem Vet Adm Med Ctr, Madison, WI USA
[13] Univ Calif Los Angeles, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Los Angeles, CA USA
[14] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA